Evidence map›Paper›PMID 16006417›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of public health2005

Associations between income inequality and mortality among US states: the importance of time period and source of income data.

John Lynch, Sam Harper, George A Kaplan, George Davey Smith

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of public health, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

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  14. Unpacking income inequality and population health: the peculiar absence of geography.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

John LynchCenter for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1214 South University, Ann Arbor, MI 48104-2548, USA. jwlynch@umich.edu
Sam Harper
George A Kaplan
George Davey Smith

Funding

MI Interdisciplinary Ctr-Social Inequality, Mind &BodyR24HD047861 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI KAPLAN, GEORGE A. · 2004 to 2008
$5.0M
NICHD NIH HHS R24 HD047861
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWe used census data to examine associations between income inequality and mortality among US states for each decade from 1949 to 1999 and tax return income data to estimate associations for 1989.

methodsCross-sectional correlation analyses were used to assess income inequality-mortality relationships.

resultsCensus income analyses revealed little association between income inequality and mortality for 1949, 1959, or 1969. An association emerged for 1979 and strengthened for 1989 but weakened for 1999. When income inequality was based on tax return data, associations were weaker for both 1989 and 1999.

conclusionsThe strong association between income inequality and mortality observed among US states for 1989 was not observed for other periods from 1949 through 1999. In addition, when tax return rather than census data were used, the association was weaker for 1989 and 1999. The potential for distal social determinants of population health (e.g., income inequality) to affect mortality is contingent on how such determinants influence levels of proximal risk factors and the time lags between exposure to those risk factors and effects on specific health outcomes.

Indexed as

Social ClassCensusesCross-Sectional StudiesHumansIncomeMortalityRisk FactorsSocial JusticeSocioeconomic FactorsSociology, MedicalUnited States

Identifiers

PMID16006417
PMCPMC1449376

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.