ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2005
The Groucho-related gene family regulates the gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene through interaction with the homeodomain proteins MSX1 and OCT1.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- The genetic architecture of sporadic and multiple consecutive miscarriage.Nature communications · 2020Pooled it
- Identification of tumor-promoting functions of the Homeobox family transcription factor MSX1 in cervical cancer.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Physiological Characterization and Transcriptomic Properties of GnRH Neurons Derived From Human Stem Cells.Endocrinology · 2021Article
- Gene network transitions in embryos depend upon interactions between a pioneer transcription factor and core histones.Nature genetics · 2020Article
- Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Represses GnRH Gene Expression via cFOS during Inflammation in Male Mice.Neuroendocrinology · 2019Article
- Article
- Deletion of Vax1 from Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neurons Abolishes GnRH Expression and Leads to Hypogonadism and Infertility.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2016Article
- Msx1 homeodomain protein represses the αGSU and GnRH receptor genes during gonadotrope development.Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2013Article
- Genetic mechanisms mediating kisspeptin regulation of GnRH gene expression.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2012Article
- Androgen receptor repression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene transcription via enhancer 1.Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2012Article
- Specification of GnRH-1 neurons by antagonistic FGF and retinoic acid signaling.Developmental biology · 2012Article
- Osr2 acts downstream of Pax9 and interacts with both Msx1 and Pax9 to pattern the tooth developmental field.Developmental biology · 2011Article
- Hypothalamic dysregulation and infertility in mice lacking the homeodomain protein Six6.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2011Article
- Regulation of bmp4 expression in odontogenic mesenchyme: from simple to complex.Cells, tissues, organs · 2011Article
- Epigenetic changes coincide with in vitro primate GnRH neuronal maturation.Endocrinology · 2010Article
- AES/GRG5: more than just a dominant-negative TLE/GRG family member.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2010Review
- Enhancers of GnRH transcription embedded in an upstream gene use homeodomain proteins to specify hypothalamic expression.Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2010Article
- Article
- Otx2 induction of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone promoter is modulated by direct interactions with Grg co-repressors.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2009Article
- Domain duplication, divergence, and loss events in vertebrate Msx paralogs reveal phylogenomically informed disease markers.BMC evolutionary biology · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is exclusively expressed in a unique population of hypothalamic neurons that controls reproductive function. GnRH gene expression is highly dynamic. Its transcriptional activity is regulated in a complex spatiotemporal manner during embryonic development and postnatal life. Although a variety of transcription factors have been identified as regulators of GnRH transcription, most are promiscuous in their DNA-binding requirements, and none are solely expressed in GnRH neurons. Their specific activity is probably determined by interactions with distinct cofactors. Here we find that the Groucho-related gene (GRG) family of co-repressors is expressed in a model cell line for the GnRH neuron and co-expresses with GnRH during prenatal development. GRG proteins associate in vivo with the GnRH promoter. Furthermore, GRG proteins interact with two regulators of GnRH transcription, the homeodomain proteins MSX1 and OCT1. Co-transfection experiments indicate that GRG proteins regulate GnRH promoter activity. The long GRG forms enhance MSX1 repression and counteract OCT1 activation of the GnRH gene. In contrast, the short form, GRG5, has a dominant-negative effect on MSX1-dependent repression. Taken together, these data suggest that the dynamic switch between activation and repression of GnRH transcription is mediated by recruitment of the GRG co-regulators.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.