ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2005
Promiscuous gene expression in thymic epithelial cells is regulated at multiple levels.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 245 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
245 citing papers in PubMed, 538 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thymic Epithelium Abnormalities in DiGeorge and Down Syndrome Patients Contribute to Dysregulation in T Cell Development.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Trial
- Proteome-wide survey of the autoimmune target repertoire in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1.Scientific reports · 2016Trial
- Altered expression of autoimmune regulator in infant down syndrome thymus, a possible contributor to an autoimmune phenotype.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Trial
- Aire and Fezf2 Shape the Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cell Immunopeptidome for Central Tolerance.Immunology · 2026Review
- Clinical considerations for immune dysregulation and immunodeficiency in Down syndrome.Journal of human immunity · 2026Review
- The autoimmune regulator (AIRE) is a target of the E3-Ubiquitin ligase Seven-in-absentia homolog 1 (SIAH1).Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Article
- Dysfunctional CD4 T cells in an oncovirus-specific TCR-transgenic in vivo model.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Impaired Aire-dependent IFN signaling in the thymus precedes the protective autoantibodies to IFNα.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Thymic Interferons: A Little Goes a Long Way.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Deconstructing the Thymic Microenvironment Through Genesis to Senescence.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Paracrine FGF21 dynamically modulates mTOR signaling to regulate thymus function across the lifespan.Nature aging · 2025Article
- Transplantation of the MSLN-deficient Thymus Generates MSLN Epitope Reactive T Cells to Attenuate Tumor Progression.Cancer science · 2025Article
- The Thymus as a Mirror of the Body's Gene Expression.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Multifunctional acyltransferase HBO1: a key regulatory factor for cellular functions.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2024Review
- Generation and repair of thymic epithelial cells.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Adjusting to self in the thymus: CD4 versus CD8 lineage commitment and regulatory T cell development.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Aire in Autoimmunity.Annual review of immunology · 2024Review
- Functionally diverse thymic medullary epithelial cells interplay to direct central tolerance.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Assembling the thymus medulla: Development and function of epithelial cell heterogeneity.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2024Article
185 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The role of central tolerance induction has recently been revised after the discovery of promiscuous expression of tissue-restricted self-antigens in the thymus. The extent of tissue representation afforded by this mechanism and its cellular and molecular regulation are barely defined. Here we show that medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) are specialized to express a highly diverse set of genes representing essentially all tissues of the body. Most, but not all, of these genes are induced in functionally mature CD80(hi) mTECs. Although the autoimmune regulator (Aire) is responsible for inducing a large portion of this gene pool, numerous tissue-restricted genes are also up-regulated in mature mTECs in the absence of Aire. Promiscuously expressed genes tend to colocalize in clusters in the genome. Analysis of a particular gene locus revealed expression of clustered genes to be contiguous within such a cluster and to encompass both Aire-dependent and -independent genes. A role for epigenetic regulation is furthermore implied by the selective loss of imprinting of the insulin-like growth factor 2 gene in mTECs. Our data document a remarkable cellular and molecular specialization of the thymic stroma in order to mimic the transcriptome of multiple peripheral tissues and, thus, maximize the scope of central self-tolerance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.