ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2005
The evolution of vertebrate Toll-like receptors.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 420 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
420 citing papers in PubMed, 1,151 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Toll-like receptors in fish: evolution, structure, immune signaling, and translational prospects for adjuvant-based vaccine design in aquaculture.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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- Disruption of Myd88 in a salmonid epithelioid cell line reveals its contribution to bacterial detection and immune response.Cell and tissue research · 2025Article
- Toll like receptor agonist effects on human CD8+ T cell activation and expression of T cell checkpoint receptors.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Discovery of ETI41 and ETI60: novel selective endosomal Toll-like receptor inhibitors for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2025Article
- The cat's out of the bag: Toxoplasma gondii provides further insight into myeloid-mediated host defense.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Review
- Genetic Regulation of Immune Response in Dogs.Genes · 2025Review
- The role of microbiota and toll-like receptors in polycystic ovary syndrome: regulatory mechanisms of androgen metabolism.Endocrine connections · 2025Review
- Updates on Toll-Like Receptor 10 Research.European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Innate Immune Sensors in Health and Disease.Immunological reviews · 2025Article
- Innate Immunity Toll-Like Triad TLR6-1-10 and Its Diversity in Distinct Horse Breeds.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Roles of core fucosylation modification in immune system and diseases.Cell insight · 2025Review
- The molecular toll pathway repertoire in anopheline mosquitoes.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2025Article
- Positive Selection of TLR2 and MyD88 Genes Provides Insights Into the Molecular Basis of Immunological Adaptation in Amphibians.Ecology and evolution · 2024Article
- Article
- Antiviral Effects of Avian Interferon-Stimulated Genes.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Stage-specific expression of Toll-like receptors in the seminiferous epithelium of mouse testis.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2024Article
360 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The complete sequences of Takifugu Toll-like receptor (TLR) loci and gene predictions from many draft genomes enable comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis. Strong selective pressure for recognition of and response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns has maintained a largely unchanging TLR recognition in all vertebrates. There are six major families of vertebrate TLRs. This repertoire is distinct from that of invertebrates. TLRs within a family recognize a general class of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Most vertebrates have exactly one gene ortholog for each TLR family. The family including TLR1 has more species-specific adaptations than other families. A major family including TLR11 is represented in humans only by a pseudogene. Coincidental evolution plays a minor role in TLR evolution. The sequencing phase of this study produced finished genomic sequences for the 12 Takifugu rubripes TLRs. In addition, we have produced >70 gene models, including sequences from the opossum, chicken, frog, dog, sea urchin, and sea squirt.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.