ArticleAnnals of surgery2005
Gastric carcinoids: biologic behavior and prognosis after differentiated treatment in relation to type.
Article in Annals of surgery, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06272500 (Safety and Efficacy Study of Betaine Hydrochloride in Treating Hypergastrinemia in Patients With Autoimmune Gastritis.), which is not on this map. Cited by 102 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Safety and Efficacy Study of Betaine Hydrochloride in Treating Hypergastrinemia in Patients With Autoimmune Gastritis.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 286 citations in OpenAlex.
- Type 2 and type 3 gastric neuroendocrine tumors have high risk of lymph node metastasis: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society · 2025Pooled it
- AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Diagnosis and Management of Atrophic Gastritis: Expert Review.Gastroenterology · 2021Guideline
- Response and relapse rates after treatment with long-acting somatostatin analogs in multifocal or recurrent type-1 gastric carcinoids: A systematic review and meta-analysis.United European gastroenterology journal · 2020Pooled it
- Gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms type 1: A systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2019Pooled it
- Guideline
- Trial
- Clinical Outcomes of Antrectomy for Patients With Multiple Type I Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Case Series.DEN open · 2027Article
- Gastric Cancer Risk in Patients with Intestinal Metaplasia: Long-Term Outcomes from a Large Single-Center Cohort in Türkiye.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Gastric neuroendocrine tumors: A review of pathology and updated roadmap to surgical management.World journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Unmasking the Silent Culprit: Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor in the Setting of Iron Deficiency Anemia.Cureus · 2025Article
- Management of type I gastric-neuroendocrine tumors: the less the better?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Modern Management of Gastric Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
- Risk factors for positive resection margins after endoscopic resection for gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors.Surgical endoscopy · 2024Article
- Management of Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Review.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Review
- The Investigation of B12 Deficiency Leading to the Serendipitous Diagnosis of Gastric Carcinoid Tumour.European journal of case reports in internal medicine · 2024Article
- Metastatic Type 1 low-grade gastric neuroendocrine tumor treated with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in a young adult: a case report.Gastroenterology report · 2024Article
- Clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of type 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumors in a large Japanese national cohort.Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society · 2023Article
- Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors (g-NETs): A Systematic Review of the Management and Outcomes of Type 3 g-NETs.Cancers · 2023Review
- Bouveret Syndrome simultaneous with an incidental solitary Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor in a 44-year-old female - A Case Report.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- A rare gastric lesion: diminutive, well-differentiated, Grade 3, type 3 gastric neuroendocrine tumor with extremely high ki-67 index removed en bloc under endoscopy.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2022Article
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo analyze tumor biology and the outcome of differentiated treatment in relation to tumor subtype in patients with gastric carcinoid.
backgroundGastric carcinoids may be subdivided into ECL cell carcinoids (type 1 associated with atrophic gastritis, type 2 associated with gastrinoma, type 3 without predisposing conditions) and miscellaneous types (type 4). The biologic behavior and prognosis vary considerably in relation to type.
methodsA total of 65 patients from 24 hospitals (51 type 1, 1 type 2, 4 type 3, and 9 type 4) were included. Management recommendations were issued for newly diagnosed cases, that is, endoscopic or surgical treatment of type 1 and 2 carcinoids (including antrectomy to abolish hypergastrinemia) and radical resection for type 3 and 4 carcinoids.
resultsInfiltration beyond the submucosa occurred in 9 of 51 type 1, 4 of 4 type 3, and 7 of 9 type 4 carcinoids. Metastases occurred in 4 of 51 type 1 (3 regional lymph nodes, 1 liver), the single type 2 (regional lymph nodes), 3 of 4 type 3 (all liver), and 7 of 9 type 4 carcinoids (all liver). Of the patients with type 1 carcinoid, 3 had no specific treatment, 40 were treated with endoscopic or surgical excision (in 10 cases combined with antrectomy), 7 underwent total gastrectomy, and 1 underwent proximal gastric resection. Radical tumor removal was not possible in 2 of 4 patients with type 3 and 7 of 9 patients with type 4 carcinoid. Five- and 10-year crude survival rates were 96.1% and 73.9% for type 1 (not different from the general population), but only 33.3% and 22.2% for type 4 carcinoids.
conclusionSubtyping of gastric carcinoids is helpful in the prediction of malignant potential and long-term survival and is a guide to management. Long-term survival did not differ from that of the general population regarding type 1 carcinoids but was poor regarding type 4 carcinoids.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.