ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2005
Production of infectious human papillomavirus independently of viral replication and epithelial cell differentiation.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- A forward genetics platform for papillomavirus research.Science advances · 2026Article
- Experimental Analysis of HPV16 L1/L2 Chimeric VLP Internalization by Human Peripheral Blood Leukocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- STING-ΔN, a novel splice isoform of STING, modulates innate immunity and autophagy in response to DNA virus infection.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Human papillomavirus E2 proteins suppress innate antiviral signaling pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Human papillomavirus E1 proteins inhibit RIG-I/MDA5-MAVS, TLR3-TRIF, cGAS-STING, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways to evade innate antiviral immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- MmuPV1 E7's interaction with PTPN14 delays Epithelial differentiation and contributes to virus-induced skin disease.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Review
- Review
- Human papillomaviruses: diversity, infection and host interactions.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2022Review
- Protamine Sulfate Is a Potent Inhibitor of Human Papillomavirus InfectionAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2022Article
- The long and winding road: human papillomavirus entry and subcellular trafficking.Current opinion in virology · 2021Review
- Article
- Article
- High resolution cryo EM analysis of HPV16 identifies minor structural protein L2 and describes capsid flexibility.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- HPV Meets APOBEC: New Players in Head and Neck Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Article
- The interesting relationship between APOBEC3 deoxycytidine deaminases and cancer: a long road ahead.Open biology · 2020Article
- Autophagy is induced in human keratinocytes during human papillomavirus 11 pseudovirion entry.Aging · 2020Article
- Vesicular trafficking permits evasion of cGAS/STING surveillance during initial human papillomavirus infection.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Papillomaviruses are small DNA viruses that are associated with benign and malignant epithelial lesions, including >95% of cervical cancers and approximately 20% of head and neck cancers. Because papillomavirus replication and virion production are tied to epithelial cell differentiation, infectious papillomavirus virion production has been limited to cumbersome organotypic cultures and mouse xenografts. Consequent difficulties in obtaining useful amounts of wild-type or mutant human papillomavirus (HPV) virions have greatly limited studies on many aspects of papillomavirus biology. To overcome these limitations, we developed a system to encapsidate the full-length papillomaviral genome into infectious virions, independently of viral DNA replication and epithelial differentiation. This transient-transfection-based system produces >1,000 times more infectious virus per cell culture dish than the much more labor-intensive organotypic culture. Furthermore, we show that this method allows the facile generation of infectious particles containing wild-type, mutant, or chimeric papillomaviral genomes, overcoming barriers to studying many facets of replication, host interactions, and vaccine and drug development, which has been limited by the insufficient availability of infectious virions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.