ArticleJournal of virology2005
Wild-type-like viral replication potential of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope mutants lacking palmitoylation signals.
Article in Journal of virology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- S-palmitoylation and depalmitoylation at the interface of animal virus-host interactions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Characterization of full-length and cytoplasmic tail-truncated envelope glycoproteins incorporated into human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) virions and virus-like particles.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- The CP123L protein of African swine fever virus is a membrane-associated, palmitoylated protein required for viral replication.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Article
- Lipid rafts and pathogens: the art of deception and exploitation.Journal of lipid research · 2020Review
- Cellular fatty acid synthase is required for late stages of HIV-1 replication.Retrovirology · 2017Article
- Article
- The Myxobacterial Metabolite Soraphen A Inhibits HIV-1 by Reducing Virus Production and Altering Virion Composition.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2017Article
- The cytoplasmic tail of retroviral envelope glycoproteins.Progress in molecular biology and translational science · 2015Review
- Understanding the process of envelope glycoprotein incorporation into virions in simian and feline immunodeficiency viruses.Viruses · 2014Review
- The frantic play of the concealed HIV envelope cytoplasmic tail.Retrovirology · 2013Review
- C-terminal tail of human immunodeficiency virus gp41: functionally rich and structurally enigmatic.The Journal of general virology · 2013Review
- The tale of the long tail: the cytoplasmic domain of HIV-1 gp41.Journal of virology · 2013Review
- Palmitoylation of virus proteins.Biology of the cell · 2012Review
- Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope proteins traffic toward virion assembly sites via a TBC1D20/Rab1-regulated pathway.Retrovirology · 2012Article
- Multiple CCR5 conformations on the cell surface are used differentially by human immunodeficiency viruses resistant or sensitive to CCR5 inhibitors.Journal of virology · 2011Article
- HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein biosynthesis, trafficking, and incorporation.Journal of molecular biology · 2011Review
- Topology of the C-terminal tail of HIV-1 gp41: differential exposure of the Kennedy epitope on cell and viral membranes.PloS one · 2010Article
- Membrane raft association of the Vpu protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 correlates with enhanced virus release.Virology · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Palmitoylation of the cytoplasmic domain of the human immunodeficiency type virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope (Env) transmembrane protein, gp41, has been implicated in Env targeting to detergent-resistant lipid rafts, Env incorporation into the virus, and viral infectivity. In contrast, we provide evidence here to show that HIV-1 infectivity, Env targeting to lipid rafts, and Env incorporation into the virus are independent of cytoplasmic tail palmitoylation. The T-cell (T)-tropic HXB2-based virus, which utilizes CXCR4 as the entry coreceptor, carrying a Cys-to-Ser mutation at residue 764 or 837 or at both replicated with wild-type (WT) virus replication kinetics in CD4+ T cells. The properties of Env expression, precursor processing, cell surface expression, and Env incorporation of these three mutant viruses were normal compared to those of the WT virus. These three mutant Env proteins all effectively mediated one-cycle virus infection. When the Cys residues were replaced by Ala residues, all single and double mutants still retained the phenotypes of infectivity, Env incorporation, and lipid raft localization of the WT Env. When Cys-to-Ala substitutions were introduced into the macrophage (M)-tropic ConB virus, which utilizes CCR5 as the coreceptor, these mutations did not affect the replication potential, Env phenotypes, lipid raft targeting, or Env assembly into the virus of the WT Env. These T- and M-tropic mutants also productively replicated in human primary CD4+ T cells. Moreover, mutations at both Cys residues significantly reduced the level of palmitoylation of the Env. Our results together support the notion that palmitoylation of the cytoplasmic tail of the HIV-1 Env is not essential for the HIV-1 virus life cycle.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.