ArticleEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2005
Warfarin dose related to apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype.
Article in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 on patient response to warfarin: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2012Pooled it
- Association of sequence variations in vitamin K epoxide reductase and gamma-glutamyl carboxylase genes with biochemical measures of vitamin K status.Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology · 2009Trial
- Contribution of age, body weight, and CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotype to the anticoagulant response to warfarin: proposal for a new dosing regimen in Chinese patients.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2007Trial
- Vitamin K: Metabolism, Genetic Influences, and Chronic Disease Outcomes.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Assessment of Knowledge and Training Needs for the Clinical Management of Warfarin Anticoagulation Among Physicians in China.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2025Article
- Targeted proteomics for evaluating risk of venous thrombosis following traumatic lower-leg injury or knee arthroscopy.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2022Article
- A statistical framework for cross-tissue transcriptome-wide association analysis.Nature genetics · 2019Article
- Effects of coagulation factor VII polymorphisms on warfarin sensitivity and responsiveness in Jordanian cardiovascular patients during the initiation and maintenance phases of warfarin therapy.Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2019Article
- Pharmacogenetics of warfarin dosing in patients of African and European ancestry.Pharmacogenomics · 2018Review
- Association of Warfarin Therapy withIranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR · 2017Article
- Association of apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms with warfarin maintenance dose in a northern Han Chinese population.Lipids in health and disease · 2016Article
- Impact of polymorphisms of the GGCX gene on maintenance warfarin dose in Chinese populations: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Meta gene · 2015Review
- DAT1 and Alcohol Use: Differential Responses to Life Stress during Adolescence.Criminal justice studies (Abingdon, England) · 2015Article
- Polymorphisms of CYP2C9, VKORC1, MDR1, APOE and UGT1A1 genes and the therapeutic warfarin dose in Brazilian patients with thrombosis: a prospective cohort study.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2014Article
- Pharmacogenetic-guided dosing of coumarin anticoagulants: algorithms for warfarin, acenocoumarol and phenprocoumon.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2014Review
- Personalized approach of medication by indirect anticoagulants tailored to the patient-Russian context: what are the prospects?The EPMA journal · 2012Article
- The pharmacogenetics of the response to warfarin in Chinese.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2012Review
- Vitamin K nutrition, metabolism, and requirements: current concepts and future research.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2012Review
- Association of ApoE genetic polymorphisms with proximal deep venous thrombosis.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2012Article
- Failure to replicate a genetic association may provide important clues about genetic architecture.PloS one · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveWarfarin is an anticoagulant which acts through interference with the recycling of vitamin K in the liver, leading to reduced activation of several clotting factors. Apolipoprotein E plays a central role in the uptake of the lipid-soluble vitamin K. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) alleles E2, E3 and E4 encode the three major isoforms of apolipoprotein E. The aim of this project was to evaluate whether variation in the APOE gene influences warfarin dose.
methodsWe genotyped APOE in 183 warfarin-treated patients. Information about warfarin dose, prothrombin time, age, gender, body weight, treatment indication and duration, other diseases and concurrent medication was taken from the patients' medical records. Cytochrome P450 2C9 genotyping had been performed previously, and patients were stratified according to CYP2C9 genotype.
resultsPatients homozygous for APOE*E4 tended to receive higher warfarin doses than others. Among CYP2C9 extensive metabolisers, APOE*E4 homozygous patients received significantly higher warfarin doses than patients with one or no E4 alleles; 56.9 compared with 34.3 and 34.6 mg/week, (Bonferroni corrected P=0.008 and 0.007, respectively). APOE genotype explains 6% of warfarin dose variance among CYP2C9 extensive metabolisers (analysis of variance, P=0.009).
conclusionPrevious studies have shown that individuals carrying the APOE*E4 allele have a faster uptake of lipoproteins into the liver and lower levels of circulating vitamin K than others. It is therefore plausible that patients carrying E4 alleles have an enhanced uptake of vitamin K into the liver and require higher doses of warfarin to compensate for this.
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