ArticleCirculation2005
Cholesterol feeding increases C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A levels in lean insulin-sensitive subjects.
Article in Circulation, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01524705 (FLAT-SUGAR), which is not on this map. Cited by 42 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
FLAT-SUGAR: FLuctuATion Reduction With inSULin and Glp-1 Added togetheR
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of whole egg consumption on weight and body composition in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.Systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of egg consumption on inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.Journal of the science of food and agriculture · 2019Pooled it
- Egg consumption in relation to risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2013Pooled it
- Association between serum amyloid A and obesity: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2010Pooled it
- Dietary cholesterol and coronary artery disease: a systematic review.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2009Pooled it
- Consumption of Different Egg-Based Diets Alters Clinical Metabolic and Hematological Parameters in Young, Healthy Men and Women.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Effect of ezetimibe on hepatic fat, inflammatory markers, and apolipoprotein B-100 kinetics in insulin-resistant obese subjects on a weight loss diet.Diabetes care · 2010Trial
- PCSK9 in critical illness - It's not all about lipids.Annals of clinical biochemistry · 2026Review
- Lipid overload meets S-palmitoylation: a metabolic signalling nexus driving cardiovascular and heart disease.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Photoperiod-Dependent Effects of Phenolic-Enriched Fruit Extracts on Postprandial Triacylglyceride Levels and Acute Inflammatory Responses in F344 Rats.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Article
- Role of C-Reactive Protein, An Inflammatory Biomarker in The Development of Atherosclerosis and Its Treatment.The International journal of angiology : official publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc · 2024Review
- Long-Term Oral Administration of Hyperimmune Egg-Based IgY-Rich Formulations Induces Mucosal Immune Response and Systemic Increases of Cytokines Involved in Th2- and Th17-Type Immune Responses in C57BL/6 Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Proteomics Analysis of Lipid Metabolism and Inflammatory Response in the Liver of Rabbits fed on a High Cholesterol Diet.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2023Article
- Mechanism of Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Atherosclerosis.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Association of dietary and nutrient patterns with systemic inflammation in community dwelling adults.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Cholesterol Accumulation as a Driver of Hepatic Inflammation Under Translational Dietary Conditions Can Be Attenuated by a Multicomponent Medicine.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Glycation of HDL blunts its anti-inflammatory and cholesterol efflux capacities in vitro, but has no effect in poorly controlled type 1 diabetes subjects.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2020Article
- Article
- Small dense LDL cholesterol is associated with metabolic syndrome traits independently of obesity and inflammation.Nutrition & metabolism · 2019Article
- Impact of Dietary Cholesterol on the Pathophysiology of Infectious and Autoimmune Disease.Nutrients · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInflammatory markers associated with elevated cardiovascular risk are increased by cholesterol feeding in animal models. However, whether dietary cholesterol increases inflammatory marker levels in humans is not known. METHODS AND
resultsC-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and lipoprotein levels were compared in 201 healthy subjects on an American Heart Association-National Cholesterol Education Program step 1 diet at baseline and after addition of 4 eggs per day for 4 weeks. Subjects were classified a priori into 3 groups based on their body mass index (BMI) and insulin sensitivity index (SI): lean insulin sensitive (LIS), mean+/-SEM BMI, 23.2+/-0.3 kg/m2, and SI, 6.7+/-0.3x10(-4)min(-1)/(microU/mL), n=66; lean insulin resistant (LIR), BMI, 24.5+/-0.2 kg/m2 and SI, 2.9+/-0.1x10(-4)min(-1)/(microU/mL), n=76; or obese insulin resistant (OIR), BMI, 31.4+/-0.5 kg/m2 and SI, 2.1+/-0.1x10(-4)min(-1)/(microU/mL), n=59. Insulin resistance and obesity each were associated with increased baseline levels of both CRP (P for trend, <0.001) and SAA (P for trend=0.015). Egg feeding was associated with significant increases in both CRP and SAA in the LIS group (both P<0.01) but not in the LIR or OIR groups. Egg feeding also was associated with a significant increase in non-HDL cholesterol (P<0.001) in LIS subjects; however, there was no correlation between the change in non-HDL cholesterol or changes in either CRP or SAA in this group.
conclusionsA high-cholesterol diet leads to significant increases in both inflammatory markers and non-HDL cholesterol levels in insulin-sensitive individuals but not in lean or obese insulin-resistant subjects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.