ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2005
Imaging individual retroviral fusion events: from hemifusion to pore formation and growth.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Studying Retroviral Life Cycles Using Visible Viruses and Live Cell Imaging.Annual review of virology · 2024Review
- Targeting Human Proteins for Antiviral Drug Discovery and Repurposing Efforts: A Focus on Protein Kinases.Viruses · 2023Review
- Single-Particle Tracking of Virus Entry in Live Cells.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2023Review
- Measuring single-virus fusion kinetics using an assay for nucleic acid exposure.Biophysical journal · 2022Article
- The late endosome-resident lipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate is a cofactor for Lassa virus fusion.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Single-Virus Tracking: From Imaging Methodologies to Virological Applications.Chemical reviews · 2020Review
- Glycan-decorated protocells: novel features for rebuilding cellular processes.Interface focus · 2019Review
- Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 blocks fusion of sensitive but not resistant viruses by partitioning into virus-carrying endosomes.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- Illuminating the virus life cycle with single-molecule FRET imaging.Advances in virus research · 2019Article
- Single Virion Tracking Microscopy for the Study of Virus Entry Processes in Live Cells and Biomimetic Platforms.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2019Review
- pH Dependence of Zika Membrane Fusion Kinetics Reveals an Off-Pathway State.ACS central science · 2018Article
- An improved labeling strategy enables automated detection of single-virus fusion and assessment of HIV-1 protease activity in single virions.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2017Article
- pH regulation in early endosomes and interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins control avian retrovirus fusion.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2017Article
- Click labeling of unnatural sugars metabolically incorporated into viral envelope glycoproteins enables visualization of single particle fusion.Journal of virological methods · 2016Article
- Fusion of Enveloped Viruses in Endosomes.Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) · 2016Review
- Review
- Dynamics and restriction of murine leukemia virus cores in mitotic and interphase cells.Retrovirology · 2015Article
- Review
- Pinpointing retrovirus entry sites in cells expressing alternatively spliced receptor isoforms by single virus imaging.Retrovirology · 2014Article
- Single-virus fusion experiments reveal proton influx into vaccinia virions and hemifusion lag times.Biophysical journal · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Viral fusion proteins catalyze merger of viral and cell membranes through a series of steps that have not yet been well defined. To elucidate the mechanism of virus entry, we have imaged fusion between single virions bearing avian sarcoma and leukosis virus (ASLV) envelope glycoprotein (Env) and the cell membrane. Viral particles were labeled with a lipophilic dye and with palmitylated enhanced YFP that was incorporated into the inner leaflet of the viral membrane. When individual virions were bound to target cells expressing cognate receptors, they transferred their lipids and contents only when exposed to low, but not neutral, pH. These data are consistent with the proposed two-step mechanism of ASLV entry that involves receptor-priming followed by low pH activation. Most importantly, lipid mixing commonly occurred before formation of a small fusion pore that was quickly and sensitively detected by pH-dependent changes in palmitylated enhanced YFP fluorescence. Nascent fusion pores were metastable and irreversibly closed, remained small, or fully enlarged, permitting nucleocapsid delivery into the cytosol. These findings strongly imply that hemifusion and a small pore are the key intermediates of ASLV fusion. When added before low pH treatment, a peptide designed to prevent Env from folding into a final helical-bundle conformation abolished virus-cell fusion and infection. Therefore, we conclude that, after receptor-activation, Env undergoes low pH-dependent refolding into a six-helix bundle and, in doing so, sequentially catalyzes hemifusion, fusion pore opening, and enlargement.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.