ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2005
The antiretroviral activity of APOBEC3 is inhibited by the foamy virus accessory Bet protein.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers.
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Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed, 184 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exon Targeted Retrieval and Classification Toolbox (ExTRaCT): a gene search pipeline to find APOBEC3 Z-domains in novel bat genomes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Characterization of a synthetic infectious cloned DNA of simian foamy virus serotype 1.Npj viruses · 2025Article
- VCY mediates inhibition of PFV replication via interaction with the transcription activator Tas.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Article
- HIV-1 latency: From acquaintance to confidant.Journal of virus eradication · 2025Review
- Vulnerability to APOBEC3G linked to the pathogenicity of deltaretroviruses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- The Intricate Interplay between APOBEC3 Proteins and DNA Tumour Viruses.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- ZNF219, a novel transcriptional repressor, inhibits transcription of the prototype foamy virus by interacting with the viral LTR promoter.Virus research · 2023Article
- SGK1, a Serine/Threonine Kinase, Inhibits Prototype Foamy Virus Replication.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Mutagenic Activity of AID/APOBEC Deaminases in Antiviral Defense and Carcinogenesis.Molecular biology · 2022Article
- Article
- Oncolytic Foamy Virus - generation and properties of a nonpathogenic replicating retroviral vector system that targets chronically proliferating cancer cells.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Review
- Review
- Foamy Viruses, Bet, and APOBEC3 Restriction.Viruses · 2021Review
- Review
- The Role of APOBECs in Viral Replication.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- Foamy Virus Integrase in Development of Viral Vector for Gene Therapy.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2020Review
- Murine Leukemia Virus P50 Protein Counteracts APOBEC3 by Blocking Its Packaging.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Review
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Genome hypermutation of different orthoretroviruses by cellular cytidine deaminases of the APOBEC3 family during reverse transcription has recently been observed. Lentiviruses like HIV-1 have acquired proteins preventing genome editing in the newly infected cell. Here we show that feline foamy virus (FFV), a typical member of the foamy retrovirus subfamily Spumaretrovirinae, is also refractory to genome deamination. APOBEC3-like FFV genome editing in APOBEC3-positive feline CRFK cells only occurs when the accessory FFV Bet protein is functionally inactivated. Editing of bet-deficient FFV genomes is paralleled by a strong decrease in FFV titer. In contrast to lentiviruses, cytidine deamination already takes place in APOBEC3-positive FFV-producing cells, because edited proviral DNA genomes are consistently present in released particles. By cloning the feline APOBEC3 orthologue, we found that its homology to the second domain of human APOBEC3F is 48%. Expression of feline APOBEC3 in APOBEC3-negative human 293T cells reproduced the effects seen in homologous CRFK cells: Bet-deficient FFV displayed severely reduced titers, high-level genome editing, reduced particle release, and suppressed Gag processing. Although WT Bet efficiently preserved FFV infectivity and genome integrity, it sustained particle release and Gag processing only when fe3 was moderately expressed. Similar to lentiviral Vif proteins, FFV Bet specifically bound feline APOBEC3. In particles from Bet-deficient FFV, feline APOBEC3 was clearly present, whereas its foamy viral antagonist Bet was undetectable in purified WT particles. This is the first report that, in addition to lentiviruses, the foamy viruses also developed APOBEC3-counter-acting proteins.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.