ArticleBMC medical research methodology2005
Recruitment of ethnic minority patients to a cardiac rehabilitation trial: the Birmingham Rehabilitation Uptake Maximisation (BRUM) study [ISRCTN72884263].
Article in BMC medical research methodology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Willingness to participate in clinical trials among patients of Chinese heritage: a meta-synthesis.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- Trial
- Home-based exercise rehabilitation in addition to specialist heart failure nurse care: design, rationale and recruitment to the Birmingham Rehabilitation Uptake Maximisation study for patients with congestive heart failure (BRUM-CHF): a randomised controlled trial.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2007Trial
- Article
- Balancing solidarity, normality and trust: reasons for (non-)participation in an injectable HIV antiretroviral therapy study in the United Kingdom.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Reasons for declining participation in inpatient research among historically minoritized racial and ethnic communities: A scoping review.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2024Article
- Article
- Barriers to Cardiac Rehabilitation in Ethnic Minority Groups: A Scoping Review.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2021Article
- Including 'seldom heard' views in research: opportunities, challenges and recommendations from focus groups with British South Asian people with type 2 diabetes.BMC medical research methodology · 2020Article
- Article
- Patient-initiated recruitment for clinical research: Evaluation of an outpatient letter research statement.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2018Article
- Barriers and facilitators to recruitment of South Asians to health research: a scoping review.BMJ open · 2017Article
- Recruiting low-income healthy women to research: an exploratory study.Ethnicity & health · 2007Article
- Acute coronary syndromes and their presentation in Asian and Caucasian patients in Britain.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2007Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundConcerns have been raised about low participation rates of people from minority ethnic groups in clinical trials. However, the evidence is unclear as many studies do not report the ethnicity of participants and there is insufficient information about the reasons for ineligibility by ethnic group. Where there are data, there remains the key question as to whether ethnic minorities more likely to be ineligible (e.g. due to language) or decline to participate. We have addressed these questions in relation to the Birmingham Rehabilitation Uptake Maximisation (BRUM) study, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing a home-based with a hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation programme in a multi-ethnic population in the UK.
methodsAnalysis of the ethnicity, age and sex of presenting and recruited subjects for a trial of cardiac rehabilitation in the West-Midlands, UK.
participants1997 patients presenting post-myocardial infarction, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass graft surgery. DATA COLLECTED: Exclusion rates, reasons for exclusion and reasons for declining to participate in the trial by ethnic group.
resultsSignificantly more patients of South Asian ethnicity were excluded (52% of 'South Asian' v 36% 'White European' and 36% 'Other', p < 0.001). This difference in eligibility was primarily due to exclusion on the basis of language (i.e. the inability to speak English or Punjabi). Of those eligible, similar proportions were recruited from the different ethnic groups (white, South Asian and other). There was a marked difference in eligibility between people of Indian, Pakistani or Bangladeshi origin.
conclusionOnce eligible for this trial, people from different ethnic groups were recruited in similar proportions. The reason for ineligibility in the BRUM study was the inability to support the range of minority languages.
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