ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2005
Antigen persistence is required throughout the expansion phase of a CD4(+) T cell response.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 153 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
153 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Controlling timing and location in vaccines.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Varicella-zoster virus-specific immune responses to herpes zoster in elderly participants in a trial of a clinically effective zoster vaccine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2009Trial
- Article
- Persistent antigen is essential for sustainingScience advances · 2026Article
- Modulating Adjuvant Release Kinetics From Scaffold Vaccines to Tune Adaptive Immune Responses.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Article
- Immunogenicity of Non-Mutated Ovarian Cancer-Specific Antigens.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Article
- Allergen exposure functionally alters influenza-specific CD4+ Th1 memory cells in the lung.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Role of mouse dendritic cell subsets in priming naive CD4 T cells.Current opinion in immunology · 2023Review
- Review
- CD4 Effector TCR Avidity for Peptide on APC Determines the Level of Memory Generated.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- CD4Nature cancer · 2023Review
- CD4 memory has a hierarchical structure created by requirements for infection-derived signals at an effector checkpoint.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Prolonging the delivery of influenza virus vaccine improves the quantity and quality of the induced immune responses in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Identification and verification of the ferroptosis- and pyroptosis-associated prognostic signature for low-grade glioma.Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences · 2022Article
- Antibiotic Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Infection Inhibits the Development of Protective Immunity.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2022Article
- Measuring the Manipulation of T Helper Immune Responses byInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Machine learning identification of cuproptosis and necroptosis-associated molecular subtypes to aid in prognosis assessment and immunotherapy response prediction in low-grade glioma.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- STING Ligand-Mediated Priming of Functional CD8Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Immunological memory in rheumatic inflammation - a roadblock to tolerance induction.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2021Review
93 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
For CD8(+) T cells, a relatively short antigen pulse seems sufficient for antigen-presenting cells to drive clonal expansion and differentiation. It is unknown whether the requirement for antigen is similarly ephemeral for CD4(+) T cells. To study the dependence of a CD4(+) T cell response on antigen persistence in a quantitatively and temporally controlled manner in vivo, we engineered a mouse line expressing a major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted epitope in dendritic cells under the control of a tetracycline-inducible promoter. Experiments tracking the proliferation of CD4(+) T cells exposed to their cognate antigen in various amounts for different time periods revealed that the division of such cells was contingent on the presence of antigen throughout their expansion phase, even in the presence of an inflammatory stimulus. This previously unrecognized feature of a CD4(+) T cell response contrasts with the proliferative behavior of CD8(+) T cells that has been documented, and it implies that the two T cell subsets might require different strategies for efficient vaccination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.