ArticleJournal of virology2005
Effect of polypurine tract (PPT) mutations on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication: a virus with a completely randomized PPT retains low infectivity.
Article in Journal of virology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV-1 3΄ polypurine tract mutations and integrase inhibitor resistance.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Review
- Peptide nucleic acid conjugates and their antimicrobial applications-a mini-review.European biophysics journal : EBJ · 2023Review
- HIV-1 proviral landscapes distinguish posttreatment controllers from noncontrollers.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2018Article
- Article
- Recent findings on the mechanisms involved in tenofovir resistance.Antiviral chemistry & chemotherapy · 2014Review
- Impact of the DNA extraction method on 2-LTR DNA circle recovery from HIV-1 infected cells.Journal of virological methods · 2013Article
- Notable reduction in illegitimate integration mediated by a PPT-deleted, nonintegrating lentiviral vector.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2011Article
- Fidelity of plus-strand priming requires the nucleic acid chaperone activity of HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein.Nucleic acids research · 2009Article
- Extensive purifying selection acting on synonymous sites in HIV-1 Group M sequences.Virology journal · 2008Review
- The effects of alternate polypurine tracts (PPTs) and mutations of sequences adjacent to the PPT on viral replication and cleavage specificity of the Rous sarcoma virus reverse transcriptase.Journal of virology · 2008Article
- A new role for HIV nucleocapsid protein in modulating the specificity of plus strand priming.Virology · 2008Article
- RNase H activity: structure, specificity, and function in reverse transcription.Virus research · 2008Review
- Mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 polypurine tract (PPT) reduce the rate of PPT cleavage and plus-strand DNA synthesis.Journal of virology · 2008Article
- Article
- Efficient and specific internal cleavage of a retroviral palindromic DNA sequence by tetrameric HIV-1 integrase.PloS one · 2007Article
- Purine analog substitution of the HIV-1 polypurine tract primer defines regions controlling initiation of plus-strand DNA synthesis.Nucleic acids research · 2007Article
- Analysis of HIV-1 replication block due to substitutions at F61 residue of reverse transcriptase reveals additional defects involving the RNase H function.Nucleic acids research · 2006Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We introduced polypurine tract (PPT) mutations, which we had previously tested in an in vitro assay, into the viral clone NL4-3KFSdelta nef. Each mutant was tested for single-round infectivity and virion production. All of the PPT mutations had an effect on replication; however, mutation of the 5' end appeared to have less of an effect on infectivity than mutation of the 3' end of the PPT sequence. Curiously, a mutation in which the entire PPT sequence was randomized (PPTSUB) retained 12% of the infectivity of the wild type (WT) in a multinuclear activation of galactosidase indicator assay. Supernatants from these infections contained viral particles, as evidenced by the presence of p24 antigen. Two-long terminal repeat (2-LTR) circle junction analysis following PPTSUB infection revealed that the mutant could form a high percentage of normal junctions. Quantification of the 2-LTR circles using real-time PCR revealed that number of 2-LTR circles from cells infected with the PPTSUB mutant was 3.5 logs greater than 2-LTR circles from cells infected with WT virus. To determine whether the progeny virions from a PPTSUB infection could undergo further rounds of replication, we introduced the PPTSUB mutation into a replication-competent virus. Our results show that the mutant virus is able to replicate and that the infectivity of the progeny virions increases with each passage, quickly reverting to a WT PPT sequence. Together, these experiments confirm that the 3' end of the PPT is important for plus-strand priming and that a virus that completely lacks a PPT can replicate at a low level.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.