ArticleJournal of virology2005
Vaccinia virus nonstructural protein encoded by the A11R gene is required for formation of the virion membrane.
Article in Journal of virology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Pathogenesis: Viral Protein Functions and Comparative Insights from Vaccinia Virus.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Identification and characterization of O-GlcNAc modifications of a conserved orthopoxvirus core protein.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Temporal expression classes and functions of vaccinia virus and mpox (monkeypox) virus genes.mBio · 2025Review
- Which Proteins? The Challenge of Identifying the Protective Antigens for Next-Generation Capripoxvirus Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Assembly and Evolution of Poxviruses.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- African Swine Fever Virus Host-Pathogen Interactions.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2023Article
- Structure-Function Analysis of Two Interacting Vaccinia Proteins That Are Critical for Viral Morphogenesis: L2 and A30.5.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Origin of the poxviral membrane: A 50-year-old riddle.PLoS pathogens · 2018Review
- Enigmatic origin of the poxvirus membrane from the endoplasmic reticulum shown by 3D imaging of vaccinia virus assembly mutants.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
- Deletion of the Vaccinia Virus I2 Protein Interrupts Virion Morphogenesis, Leading to Retention of the Scaffold Protein and Mislocalization of Membrane-Associated Entry Proteins.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Vaccinia Virus A6 Is a Two-Domain Protein Requiring a Cognate N-Terminal Domain for Full Viral Membrane Assembly Activity.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Poxviruses Encode a Reticulon-Like Protein that Promotes Membrane Curvature.Cell reports · 2016Article
- Vaccinia Virus B1 Kinase Is Required for Postreplicative Stages of the Viral Life Cycle in a BAF-Independent Manner in U2OS Cells.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Poxvirus membrane biogenesis.Virology · 2015Review
- Poxvirus decapping enzymes enhance virulence by preventing the accumulation of dsRNA and the induction of innate antiviral responses.Cell host & microbe · 2015Article
- Structure-function analysis of vaccinia virus H7 protein reveals a novel phosphoinositide binding fold essential for poxvirus replication.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Review
- Human antibody responses to the polyclonal Dryvax vaccine for smallpox prevention can be distinguished from responses to the monoclonal replacement vaccine ACAM2000.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2014Article
- Direct formation of vaccinia virus membranes from the endoplasmic reticulum in the absence of the newly characterized L2-interacting protein A30.5.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Phylogenetic and histological variation in avipoxviruses isolated in South Africa.The Journal of general virology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The vaccinia virus A11R gene has orthologs in all known poxvirus genomes, and the A11 protein has been previously reported to interact with the putative DNA packaging protein A32 in a yeast two-hybrid screen. Using antisera raised against A11 peptides, we show that the A11 protein was (i) expressed at late times with an apparent mass of 40 kDa, (ii) not incorporated into virus particles, (iii) phosphorylated independently of the viral F10 kinase, (iv) coimmunoprecipitated with A32, and (v) localized to the viral factory. To determine the role of the A11 protein and test whether it is indeed involved in DNA packaging, we constructed a recombinant vaccinia virus with an inducible A11R gene. This recombinant was dependent on inducer for single-cycle growth and plaque formation. In the absence of inducer, viral late proteins were produced at normal levels, but proteolytic processing and other posttranslational modifications of some proteins were inhibited, suggesting a block in virus particle assembly. Consistent with this observation, electron microscopy of cells infected in the absence of inducer showed virus factories with abnormal electron-dense viroplasms and intermediate density regions associated with membranes and containing the D13 protein. However, no viral membrane crescents, immature virions, or mature virions were produced. The requirement for nonvirion protein A11 in order to make normal viral membranes was an unexpected and exciting finding, since neither the origin of these membranes nor their mechanism of formation in the cytoplasm of infected cells is understood.
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