Evidence map›Paper›PMID 15885149›Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2005

Using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models to predict and monitor the number of beds occupied during a SARS outbreak in a tertiary hospital in Singapore.

Arul Earnest, Mark I Chen, Donald Ng, Leo Yee Sin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC health services research, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Forecasting hospital bed occupancy: a time series approach with prophet.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026
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  8. Data analytics and knowledge management approach for COVID-19 prediction and control.International journal of information technology : an official journal of Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of Computer Applications and Management · 2023
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  16. Does Climate Play Any Role in COVID-19 Spreading?-An Australian Perspective.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Article
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  19. Deep learning-based forecasting model for COVID-19 outbreak in Saudi Arabia.Process safety and environmental protection : transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, Part B · 2021
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Arul EarnestDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore. arul_earnest@hotmail.com
Mark I Chen
Donald Ng
Leo Yee Sin

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe main objective of this study is to apply autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models to make real-time predictions on the number of beds occupied in Tan Tock Seng Hospital, during the recent SARS outbreak.

methodsThis is a retrospective study design. Hospital admission and occupancy data for isolation beds was collected from Tan Tock Seng hospital for the period 14th March 2003 to 31st May 2003. The main outcome measure was daily number of isolation beds occupied by SARS patients. Among the covariates considered were daily number of people screened, daily number of people admitted (including observation, suspect and probable cases) and days from the most recent significant event discovery. We utilized the following strategy for the analysis. Firstly, we split the outbreak data into two. Data from 14th March to 21st April 2003 was used for model development. We used structural ARIMA models in an attempt to model the number of beds occupied. Estimation is via the maximum likelihood method using the Kalman filter. For the ARIMA model parameters, we considered the simplest parsimonious lowest order model.

resultsWe found that the ARIMA (1,0,3) model was able to describe and predict the number of beds occupied during the SARS outbreak well. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for the training set and validation set were 5.7% and 8.6% respectively, which we found was reasonable for use in the hospital setting. Furthermore, the model also provided three-day forecasts of the number of beds required. Total number of admissions and probable cases admitted on the previous day were also found to be independent prognostic factors of bed occupancy.

conclusionARIMA models provide useful tools for administrators and clinicians in planning for real-time bed capacity during an outbreak of an infectious disease such as SARS. The model could well be used in planning for bed-capacity during outbreaks of other infectious diseases as well.

Indexed as

Disease OutbreaksProportional Hazards ModelsBed OccupancyFemaleForecastingHospitals, UrbanHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleMiddle AgedPatient AdmissionPatient IsolationRetrospective StudiesSevere Acute Respiratory SyndromeSingapore

Identifiers

PMID15885149
PMCPMC1274243

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.