ReviewImmunology2005
Immune responses that adapt the intestinal mucosa to commensal intestinal bacteria.
Review in Immunology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 285 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut protozoa of wild rodents - a meta-analysis.Parasitology · 2024Pooled it
- A review on MMP-2 modulating agents from natural and synthetic sources and their role in inflammatory bowel disease.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Gut Limosilactobacillus reuteri-secreted Components Mitigate Susceptibility to Radiation by Alleviating Oxidative Stress in the Intestinal Epithelium.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Article
- Balancing harm and harmony: Evolutionary dynamics between gut microbiota-derived flagellin and TLR5-mediated host immunity and metabolism.Virulence · 2025Review
- Discovery of Novel Probiotic Species to Improve Infant Health.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Systemic IgG responses to glycosylated mucinase YghJ after experimental enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection.Gut pathogens · 2025Article
- Effects of dietary Lactobacillus postbiotics and bacitracin on the modulation of mucosa-associated microbiota and pattern recognition receptors affecting immunocompetence of jejunal mucosa in pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic F18Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Gastrointestinal cancer resistance to treatment: the role of microbiota.Infectious agents and cancer · 2024Review
- Disruption of the intestinal clock drives dysbiosis and impaired barrier function in colorectal cancer.Science advances · 2024Article
- Understanding the gut microbiota by considering human evolution: a story of fire, cereals, cooking, molecular ingenuity, and functional cooperation.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Gut microbiota from B-cell-specific TLR9-deficient NOD mice promote IL-10Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Scoring Microbiota Function: A Proposal to Use Features of Evolutionary, Symbiotic Innovation to Recognize a "Healthy" Human Gut Microbiota.Gut microbes reports · 2024Article
- Review
- Gut-Brain Axis Deregulation and Its Possible Contribution to Neurodegenerative Disorders.Neurotoxicity research · 2023Review
- Effect of photoperiod on serum biochemistry, electrolytic balance, acute phase response and histopathology of butter catfish, Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, 1794).Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2023Article
- The Aedes aegypti peritrophic matrix controls arbovirus vector competence through HPx1, a heme-induced peroxidase.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Bacteroides-derived isovaleric acid enhances mucosal immunity by facilitating intestinal IgA response in broilers.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Multi-omics analysis reveals the interaction of gut microbiome and host microRNAs in ulcerative colitis.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- Host microbiome in tuberculosis: disease, treatment, and immunity perspectives.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Animals contain an enormous load of non-pathogenic bacteria in the lower intestine, which exploit an environment with a stable temperature and abundant carbon sources. Our load of bacteria outnumbers our own cells. In order to survive with such a high number of organisms in very close proximity to host tissues the intestinal mucosa and its immune system is highly adapted. Mucosal immune responses are induced by small numbers of live commensal organisms penetrating the Peyer's patches and persisting in dendritic cells (DC). These DC can induce immunoglobulin A+ (IgA+) B cells, which recirculate through the lymph and bloodstream to populate the lamina propria and secrete protective IgA. Because DC loaded with commensal bacteria do not penetrate further than the mesenteric lymph nodes, immune induction to commensals is confined to the mucosa, allowing strong mucosal immune responses to be induced whilst the systemic immune system remains relatively ignorant of these organisms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.