ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2005
Global trends in the antifungal susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans (1990 to 2004).
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 205 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children: recommendations from the National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the American Academy of Pediatrics.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2013Guideline
- Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections among HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the American Academy of Pediatrics.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2009Guideline
- Clinical pharmacokinetics of oral controlled-release 5-fluorocytosine.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2010Trial
- InFuture microbiology · 2025Article
- Comparative evaluation of sensititre YeastOne and VITEK2 antifungal susceptibility tests with CLSI broth microdilution method of clinicalMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Antifungal Resistance in Cryptococcal Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- 5-Flucytosine Longitudinal Antifungal Susceptibility Testing ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- A Comprehensive Overview of the Antibiotics Approved in the Last Two Decades: Retrospects and Prospects.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Lack of Association between YEASTONE Antifungal Susceptibility Tests and Clinical Outcomes ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Early clinical and microbiological predictors of outcome in hospitalized patients with cryptococcal meningitis.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Prevalence, Genetic Structure, and Antifungal Susceptibility of thePathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Comparison of clinical and biological characteristics of HIV-infected patients presenting Cryptococcus neoformans versus C. curvatus/C. laurentii meningitis.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Prenylated Flavonoids with Potential Antimicrobial Activity: Synthesis, Biological Activity, and In Silico Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- An analysis of the population of Cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from animals in Poland, in the years 2015-2019.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Article
- Host Defense Peptides as Templates for Antifungal Drug Development.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Erg6 affects membrane composition and virulence of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B · 2020Article
- Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Distribution of Fluconazole against Cryptococcus Species and the Fluconazole Exposure Prediction Model.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Central Nervous System Cryptococcal Infections in Non-HIV Infected Patients.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Design, execution, and analysis of CRISPR-Cas9-based deletions and genetic interaction networks in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans.Nature protocols · 2019Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The antifungal susceptibilities of 1,811 clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans obtained from 100 laboratories in 5 geographic regions worldwide between 1990 and 2004 were determined. The MICs of amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and ravuconazole were determined by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth microdilution method. Isolates were submitted to a central reference laboratory (University of Iowa) from study centers in Africa (5 centers, 395 isolates), Europe (14 centers, 102 isolates), Latin America (14 centers, 82 isolates), the Pacific region (7 centers, 50 isolates), and North America (60 centers, 1,182 isolates). Resistance to amphotericin B, flucytosine, and fluconazole was < or = 1% overall. Susceptibility to flucytosine (MIC, < or = 4 microg/ml) ranged from 35% in North America to 68% in Latin America. Similarly, only 75% of isolates from North America were susceptible to fluconazole (MIC, < or = 8 microg/ml) compared to 94 to 100% in the other regions. Isolates remained highly susceptible to amphotericin B (99% susceptibility at a MIC of < or = 1 microg/ml) over the entire 15-year period. Susceptibility to flucytosine (MIC, < or = 4 microg/ml) increased from 34% in 1990 to 1994 to 66% in 2000 to 2004. Susceptibility to fluconazole (MIC, < or = 8 microg/ml) increased from 72% in 1990 to 1994 to 96% in 2000 to 2004. Voriconazole, posaconazole, and ravuconazole all were very active (99% of isolates susceptible at MIC of < or = 1 microg/ml) against this geographically diverse collection of isolates. We conclude that in vitro resistance to antifungal agents used in the treatment of cryptococcosis remains uncommon among isolates of C. neoformans from five broad geographic regions and has not increased over a 15-year period.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.