ArticleNucleic acids research2005
Alternative polyadenylation of cyclooxygenase-2.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role ofMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2020Trial
- A conserved 3'UTR short motif regulates gene expression in vertebrates.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation: key regulatory mechanisms in health and disease.RNA biology · 2025Review
- Application of the iPLUS non-coding sequence in improving biopharmaceuticals production.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Genome-wide identification of dominant polyadenylation hexamers for use in variant classification.Human molecular genetics · 2023Article
- A CRISPR RNA-binding protein screen reveals regulators of RUNX1 isoform generation.Blood advances · 2021Article
- Cell Cycle Kinase Polo Is Controlled by a Widespread 3' Untranslated Region Regulatory Sequence in Drosophila melanogaster.Molecular and cellular biology · 2019Article
- Regulation of Eicosanoid Pathways by MicroRNAs.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Review
- miR-146a suppresses 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) expression and Leukotriene B4 production in lung cancer cells.Oncotarget · 2018Article
- Useful Bicistronic Reporter System for Studying Poly(A) Site-Defining cis Elements and Regulation of Alternative Polyadenylation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Molecular Regulation of Alternative Polyadenylation (APA) within the Drosophila Nervous System.Journal of molecular biology · 2017Article
- Article
- Processing and transcriptome expansion at the mRNA 3' end in health and disease: finding the right end.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2016Review
- Promoter-Terminator Gene Loops Affect Alternative 3'-End Processing in Yeast.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2016Article
- Article
- Regulation of COX-2 expression by miR-146a in lung cancer cells.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2014Article
- Analysis of RNA processing reactions using cell free systems: 3' end cleavage of pre-mRNA substrates in vitro.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2014Article
- Implications of polyadenylation in health and disease.Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) · 2014Review
- The novel tumor suppressor NOL7 post-transcriptionally regulates thrombospondin-1 expression.Oncogene · 2013Article
- Long-distance regulation of Add2 pre-mRNA3'end processing.RNA biology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A biologically important human gene, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), has been proposed to be regulated at many levels. While COX-1 is constitutively expressed in cells, COX-2 is inducible and is upregulated in response to many signals. Since increased transcriptional activity accounts for only part of the upregulation of COX-2, we chose to explore other RNA processing mechanisms in the regulation of this gene. We performed a comprehensive bioinformatics survey, the first of its kind known for human COX-2, which revealed that the human COX-2 gene has alternative polyadenylation (proximal and distal sites) and suggested that use of the alternative polyadenylation signals has tissue specificity. We experimentally established this in HepG2 and HT29 cells. We used an in vivo polyadenylation assay to examine the relative strength of the COX-2 proximal and distal polyadenylation signals, and have shown that the proximal polyadenylation signal is much weaker than the distal one. The efficiency of utilization of many suboptimal mammalian polyadenylation signals is affected by sequence elements located upstream of the AAUAAA, known as upstream efficiency elements (USEs). Here, we used in vivo polyadenylation assays in multiple cell lines to demonstrate that the COX-2 proximal polyadenylation signal contains USEs, mutation of the USEs substantially decreased usage of the proximal signal, and that USE spacing relative to the polyadenylation signal was significant. In addition, mutation of the COX-2 proximal polyadenylation signal to a more optimal sequence enhanced polyadenylation efficiency 3.5-fold. Our data suggest for the first time that alternative polyadenylation of COX-2 is an important post-transcriptional regulatory event.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.