ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2005
Discovery of a unique Ig heavy-chain isotype (IgT) in rainbow trout: Implications for a distinctive B cell developmental pathway in teleost fish.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 146 papers.
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146 citing papers in PubMed, 511 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Gut Microbiomes of Rainbow Trout and Atlantic Salmon: Nutritional Modulation, Mucosal Immunity, and Resistome Risk.Biology · 2026Review
- Vaccination modality and injection site influence the immune response and protection against sea liceBiochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Evaluation of systemic and mucosal immune responses in Nile tilapia following intraperitoneal and immersion vaccination with inactivated tilapia lake virus (TiLV) vaccine.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- EngineeredFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Mef2d regulates mutually exclusive expression of IgZ and IgM isotypes through epigenetic modulation in a zebrafish model.Fundamental research · 2026Article
- Perspective: the variable lymphocyte receptor B system in the gut of the sea lamprey.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Transcriptomic profiling and IgM and IgT repertoire dynamics in rainbow trout gills following primary and secondary challenge withFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Trawling the depths of gene regulation: transcription-factor families orchestrating immunity in teleost fish.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Characterization of B Cell Responses in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Affected by Red Mark Syndrome.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Extrafollicular and Other Non-Germinal Center B Cell Responses: An Evolutionary Perspective.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Tertiary Lymphoid Organs at the Center Stage of Skin's Humoral Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Immune cell diversity and regenerative markers reveal interactions among macrophages, rodlet cells, and stem cells in the kidney of Poecilia sphenops.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cold-blooded vertebrates evolved regulatory B cells to participate in inflammatory diseases.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Understanding vertebrate immunity through comparative immunology.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Generation of IgMScientific reports · 2025Article
- IgT and IgD dominance in the teleost central nervous system.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- CCR7A defines a subpopulation of IgDFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Immunoglobulin M response in largemouth bass (Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Diverse Epithelial Lymphocytes in Zebrafish Revealed Using a Novel Scale Biopsy Method.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During the analysis of Ig superfamily members within the available rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) EST gene index, we identified a unique Ig heavy-chain (IgH) isotype. cDNAs encoding this isotype are composed of a typical IgH leader sequence and a VDJ rearranged segment followed by four Ig superfamily C-1 domains represented as either membrane-bound or secretory versions. Because teleost fish were previously thought to encode and express only two IgH isotypes (IgM and IgD) for their humoral immune repertoire, we isolated all three cDNA isotypes from a single homozygous trout (OSU-142) to confirm that all three are indeed independent isotypes. Bioinformatic and phylogenetic analysis indicates that this previously undescribed divergent isotype is restricted to bony fish, thus we have named this isotype "IgT" (tau) for teleost fish. Genomic sequence analysis of an OSU-142 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone positive for all three IgH isotypes revealed that IgT utilizes the standard rainbow trout V(H) families, but surprisingly, the IgT isotype possesses its own exclusive set of D(H) and J(H) elements for the generation of diversity. The IgT D and J segments and tau constant (C) region genes are located upstream of the D and J elements for IgM, representing a genomic IgH architecture that has not been observed in any other vertebrate class. All three isotypes are primarily expressed in the spleen and pronephros (bone marrow equivalent), and ontogenically, expression of IgT is present 4 d before hatching in developing embryos.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.