ArticleInsect biochemistry and molecular biology2005
Manduca sexta prophenoloxidase activating proteinase-1 (PAP-1) gene: organization, expression, and regulation by immune and hormonal signals.
Article in Insect biochemistry and molecular biology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Time-resolved transcriptomics of haemocyte discrimination between challenges by nematodes and inert material in the oriental armywormFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The Galleria mellonella-Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Model System: Characterization of Pathogen Virulence and Insect Immune Responses.Journal of insect science (Online) · 2021Article
- Fungal immunity and pathogenesis in mammals versus the invertebrate model organism Galleria mellonella.Pathogens and disease · 2021Review
- Analysis of the early cellular and humoral responses of Galleria mellonella larvae to infection by Candida albicans.Virulence · 2018Article
- Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of serine proteases and homologs in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.).BMC genomics · 2015Article
- Molecular identification of two prophenoloxidase-activating proteases from the hemocytes of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and their transcript abundance changes in response to microbial challenges.Journal of insect science (Online) · 2014Article
- Insect prophenoloxidase: the view beyond immunity.Frontiers in physiology · 2014Review
- Selectively enhanced expression of prophenoloxidase activating enzyme 1 (PPAE1) at a bacteria clearance site in the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei.BMC immunology · 2011Article
- Expression of immune-response genes in lepidopteran host is suppressed by venom from an endoparasitoid, Pteromalus puparum.BMC genomics · 2010Article
- Industrial melanism in the peppered moth is not associated with genetic variation in canonical melanisation gene candidates.PloS one · 2010Article
- Sex-specific variation in the emphasis, inducibility and timing of the post-mating immune response in Drosophila melanogaster.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2009Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Insect phenoloxidase (PO) participates in melanotic encapsulation, wound healing, and cuticle sclerotization. It is converted from prophenoloxidase (proPO) by a proPO-activating proteinase (PAP). Manduca sexta PAP-1, the final component of a serine proteinase cascade, cleaves proPO to generate active PO. In an effort to understand the transcriptional regulation, we isolated a genomic clone of the PAP-1 gene, determined its nucleotide sequence, and elucidated its exon-intron organization. Computer analysis revealed several immune and hormone responsive elements in the upstream region. Southern blot analysis suggested that the M. sexta genome contains a single copy of PAP-1 gene. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that PAP-1 was constitutively expressed in fat body, trachea, and nerve tissue of the fifth instar larvae. The mRNA levels in hemocytes and fat body markedly increased in response to a bacterial challenge. We also observed tissue-specific and developmental regulation of the gene's transcription. Treating M. sexta fat body culture with 20-hydroxyecdysone reduced the PAP-1 mRNA level. These data indicated that the expression of PAP-1 gene is under the dual control of immune and hormonal signals.
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