Trial reportThe Journal of physiology2005
Partitioning oxidative fuels during cold exposure in humans: muscle glycogen becomes dominant as shivering intensifies.
Trial report in The Journal of physiology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis to predict the effects of temperature stress on meat quality of poultry.Poultry science · 2021Pooled it
- Acute mild cold exposure with shivering reduces 24 h glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes but not prediabetes.Diabetologia · 2026Trial
- Cold acclimation with shivering improves metabolic health in adults with overweight or obesity.Nature metabolism · 2024Trial
- Recruited brown adipose tissue as an antiobesity agent in humans.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2013Trial
- Effects of ingesting [13C]glucose early or late into cold exposure on substrate utilization.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2010Trial
- Effects of altitude and sociodemographic factors on cardiometabolic disorders in the southwestern plateau areas of China.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Cold exposure and human metabolism: A heterogeneous response across tissues and organs.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2026Review
- Energy intake and energy expenditure are minimally impacted by acute cold exposure in individuals living with obesity.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Article
- Energy expenditure during physical work in cold environments: physiology and performance considerations for military service members.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2024Review
- Adaptive Induction of Nonshivering Thermogenesis in Muscle Rather Than Brown Fat Could Counteract Obesity.Physiological research · 2024Review
- A century of exercise physiology: concepts that ignited the study of human thermoregulation. Part 3: Heat and cold tolerance during exercise.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Review
- Performance nutrition for cold-weather military operations.International journal of circumpolar health · 2023Article
- Effect of Neck-Deep Immersion in Cool or Thermoneutral Water on Blood Glucose Levels in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Article
- High-fructose feeding suppresses cold-stimulated brown adipose tissue glucose uptake independently of changes in thermogenesis and the gut microbiome.Cell reports. Medicine · 2022Article
- Influences of ovarian hormones on physiological responses to cold in women.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2022Review
- Overheating or overcooling: heat transfer in the spot to fight against the pandemic obesity.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2021Review
- Diurnal variations of brown fat thermogenesis and fat oxidation in humans.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2021Article
- The Use of Biochemical Measurements to Identify Pre-Slaughter Stress in Pasture Finished Beef Cattle.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2019Article
- Seven days of cold acclimation substantially reduces shivering intensity and increases nonshivering thermogenesis in adult humans.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2019Article
- Fasting enhances cold resistance in fish through stimulating lipid catabolism and autophagy.The Journal of physiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The effects of changes in shivering intensity on the relative contributions of plasma glucose, muscle glycogen, lipids and proteins to total heat production are unclear in humans. The goals of this study were: (1) to determine whether plasma glucose starts playing a more prominent role as shivering intensifies, (2) to quantify overall changes in fuel use in relation to the severity of cold exposure, and (3) to establish whether the fuel selection pattern of shivering is different from the classic fuel selection pattern of exercise. Using a combination of indirect calorimetry and stable isotope methodology, fuel metabolism was monitored in non-acclimatized adult men exposed for 90 mins to 10 degrees C (low-intensity shivering (L)) or 5 degrees C (moderate-intensity shivering (M)). Results show that plasma glucose oxidation is strongly stimulated by moderate shivering (+122% from L to M), but the relative contribution of this pathway to total heat generation always remains minor (< 15% of total heat production). Instead, muscle glycogen is responsible for most of the increase in heat production between L and M. By itself, the increase in CHO oxidation is responsible for the 100 W increase in metabolic rate observed between L and M, because rates of lipid and protein oxidation remain constant. This high reliance on CHO is not compatible with the well known fuel selection pattern of exercise, when considering the relatively low metabolic rates elicited by shivering (approximately 30% for M). We conclude that shivering and exercise of similar energy requirements appear to be supported by different fuel mixtures. Investigating the physiological mechanisms underlying why a muscle producing only heat (shivering), or significant movement (exercise), shows a different pattern of fuel selection at the same power output strikes us as a fascinating area for future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.