ReviewJournal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)2005
Human defensins.
Review in Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany), 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 134 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
134 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 370 citations in OpenAlex.
- Innate immunity and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) related genes in a nested case-control study for gastric cancer risk.PloS one · 2012Pooled it
- The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians · 2019Trial
- Unraveling the genomic structures, conserved functional domains and evolutionary dynamics of beta-defensins in Bubalus bubalis and Ovis aries.Immunogenetics · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial peptides-based strategies at the frontline in battling the escalating menace of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2026Review
- Actifensin Evolution in the Human Oral Cavity over the Past 100,000 Years.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Disrupting membranes, controlling cell fate: the role of pore-forming proteins in cell death and therapy.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Review
- Article
- Update on antimicrobial peptides: key elements inThe Journal of general virology · 2025Review
- Investigation of potential biomarkers for psoriasis in skin with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ambient ionization mass spectrometry.Journal of mass spectrometry and advances in the clinical lab · 2025Article
- Insights into the Antimicrobial Mechanisms of a Scorpion Defensin onMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Biofilm-Associated Candidiasis: Pathogenesis, Prevalence, Challenges and Therapeutic Options.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Contribution of Human Antimicrobial Peptides to Fungi.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Computational Elucidation of Human β-Defensin-2 as a Dual Inhibitor of MMP-9 and PKC-βII for Diabetic Wound Management.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Plant Peptides: Structure, Classification, Mechanism and Therapeutic Potential.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Human beta defensin-2 protects the epithelial barrier during methicillin-resistantFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Nucleotide sequence variants, gene expression and serum profile of immune and antioxidant markers associated with bacterial diarrhea susceptibility in Barki lambs.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Characterization of Tissue Immunity Defense Factors of the Lip in Primary Dentition Children with Bilateral Cleft Lip Palate.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Discovery and Folding Dynamics of a Fused Bicyclic Cysteine Knot Undecapeptide from the Marine SpongeThe Journal of organic chemistry · 2024Article
- Relationship between biofilm-forming microorganisms (BFM: Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and DEFB1 gene variants on β-defensin levels in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI).Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- Article
74 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are small, cationic, amphiphilic peptides of 12-50 amino acids with microbicidal activity against both bacteria and fungi. The eukaryotic antimicrobial peptides may be divided into four distinct groups according to their structural features: cysteine-free alpha-helices, extended cysteine-free alpha-helices with a predominance of one or two amino acids, loop structures with one intramolecular disulfide bond, and beta-sheet structures which are stabilised by two or three intramolecular disulfide bonds. Mammalian defensins are part of the last-mentioned group. The mammalian defensins can be subdivided into three main classes according to their structural differences: the alpha-defensins, beta-defensins and the recently described theta-defensins. Mammalian alpha-defensins are predominantly found in neutrophils and in small intestinal Paneth cells, whereas mammalian beta-defensins have been isolated from both leukocytes and epithelial cells. Recently, two novel human beta-defensins, human beta-defensin-3 (HBD-3), and human beta-defensin-4 (HBD-4) have been discovered. Similar to HBD-1 and HBD-2, HBD-3 has microbicidal activity towards the Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) and the yeasts Candida albicans and Malassezia furfur. In addition, HBD-3 kills Gram-positive bacteria such as Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus, including multi-resistant S. aureus strains, and even vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. In contrast to HBD-1 and HBD-2, significant expression of HBD-3 has been demonstrated in non-epithelial tissues, such as leukocytes, heart and skeletal muscle. HBD-4 is expressed in certain epithelia and in neutrophils. Its bactericidal activity against P. aeruginosa is stronger than that of the other known beta-defensins. Here we present an overview of human antimicrobial peptides with some emphasis on their antifungal properties.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.