ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2005
Bacterial cytotoxins: targeting eukaryotic switches.
Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 241 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Battle Against Pertussis: Discovery of Endogenous Human Proteins and Peptides as Toxin-Inhibitors.Toxins · 2026Review
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- A family of lethal exotoxins defined by cell entry via the Attractin receptor.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Angiogenesis, a key point in the association of gut microbiota and its metabolites with disease.European journal of medical research · 2024Review
- In Vitro Models for Investigating Intestinal Host-Pathogen Interactions.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Baicalin Attenuates Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)-Induced Cytoskeleton Rearrangement via Regulating the RhoA/ROCK/LIMK and PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β Pathways in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Golgi stress induces SIRT2 to counteract Shigella infection via defatty-acylation.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Bacterial Toxin and Effector Regulation of Intestinal Immune Signaling.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Functional assignment to hypothetical proteins inBioinformation · 2022Article
- The Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factors (CNFs)-A Family of Rho GTPase-Activating Bacterial Exotoxins.Toxins · 2021Review
- Escherichia coli Rho GTPase-activating toxin CNF1 mediates NLRP3 inflammasome activation via p21-activated kinases-1/2 during bacteraemia in mice.Nature microbiology · 2021Article
- Bartonella type IV secretion effector BepC induces stress fiber formation through activation of GEF-H1.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
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- Persistent Systemic Microbial Translocation, Inflammation, and Intestinal Damage DuringOpen forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Article
- Reversible senescence of human colon cancer cells after blockage of mitosis/cytokinesis caused by the CNF1 cyclomodulin from Escherichia coli.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- TPL2 Is a Key Regulator of Intestinal Inflammation in Clostridium difficile Infection.Infection and immunity · 2018Article
- Bacterial Toxins and Targeted Brain Therapy: New Insights from Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 (CNF1).International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many bacterial cytotoxins act on eukaryotic cells by targeting the regulators that are involved in controlling the cytoskeleton or by directly modifying actin, with members of the Rho GTPase family being particularly important targets. The actin cytoskeleton, and especially the GTPase 'molecular switches' that are involved in its control, have crucial functions in innate and adaptive immunity, and have pivotal roles in the biology of infection. In this review, we briefly discuss the role of the actin cytoskeleton and the Rho GTPases in host-pathogen interactions, and review the mode of actions of bacterial protein toxins that target these components.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.