ReviewDrugs2005
Anaesthetic agents for advanced regional anaesthesia: a North American perspective.
Review in Drugs, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ropivacaine versus levobupivacaine in peripheral nerve block: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Medicine · 2017Pooled it
- Local Anesthetic Resistance: Pathophysiology, Clinical Recognition, and Management Strategies.Current pain and headache reports · 2026Review
- Optimization of multimodal analgesic drug combinations under the concept of precision anesthesia.American journal of translational research · 2026Review
- Analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine combined with shoulder nerve blocks before arthroscopy: a meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.EFORT open reviews · 2025Article
- Levobupivacaine versus ropivacaine for brachial plexus block: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- Analgesic sparing effect of dexamethasone with levobupivacaine in quadratus lumborum block in patients undergoing unilateral inguinal hernia repair: A prospective randomised controlled trial.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2020Article
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Levobupivacaine.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2020Review
- Bedside ultrasound procedures: musculoskeletal and non-musculoskeletal.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2016Review
- Tracking local anesthetic effects using a novel perceptual reference approach.Journal of neurophysiology · 2016Article
- Regional anesthesia for pediatric knee surgery: a review of the indications, procedures, outcomes, safety, and challenges.Local and regional anesthesia · 2015Review
- Update on the clinical utility and practical use of ropivacaine in Chinese patients.Drug design, development and therapy · 2014Review
- Articaine: a review of its use for local and regional anesthesia.Local and regional anesthesia · 2012Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interest in the use of regional anaesthesia, particularly peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) and continuous PNBs, has increased in recent years. Accompanying this resurgence in interest has been the development of new local anaesthetics and additives designed to enhance block duration and quality. This manuscript provides a literature-based review on accepted uses of local anaesthetics and adjuncts for a variety of regional anaesthesia techniques. A brief review of local anaesthetic pharmacodynamics describes the action of these drugs in preventing nerve depolarisation, thus blocking nerve impulses. Toxic adverse effects of local anaesthetics, specifically CNS and cardiac manifestations of excessive local anaesthetic blood concentrations and the direct neurotoxic properties of local anaesthetics, are discussed generally and specifically for many commonly used local anaesthetics. Clinically useful ester and amide local anaesthetics are evaluated individually in terms of their physical properties and toxic potential. How these properties impact on the clinical uses of each local anaesthetic is explored. Particular emphasis is placed on the long-acting local anaesthetic toxic potential of racemic bupivacaine compared with levobupivacaine and ropivacaine, which are both levorotatory stereoisomers. Guidelines for using ropivacaine and mepivacaine, based on the authors' experience using advanced regional anaesthesia in a busy practice, is provided. Finally, epinephrine (adrenaline), clonidine and other local anaesthetic additives and their rationale for use is covered along with other future possibilities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.