ArticleJournal of anatomy2005
The role of cartilage canals in endochondral and perichondral bone formation: are there similarities between these two processes?
Article in Journal of anatomy, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Histological analysis of the spatio-temporal development of porcine knee cartilage in embryonic and early postnatal stages.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Temporal transcriptome features identify early skeletal commitment during human epiphysis development at single-cell resolution.iScience · 2023Article
- Osteochondrogenesis by TGF-β3, BMP-2 and noggin growth factor combinations in anFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Epiphyseal cartilage canal architecture and extracellular matrix remodeling in mucopolysaccharidosis VII dogs at the onset of postnatal growth.Connective tissue research · 2021Article
- The Formation of the Epiphyseal Bone Plate Occurs via Combined Endochondral and Intramembranous-Like Ossification.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Article
- Cartilage canals in the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia of fetuses and foals are surrounded by different types of collagen.Journal of anatomy · 2017Article
- Non-linear optical microscopy of cartilage canals in the distal femur of young pigs may reveal the cause of articular osteochondrosis.BMC veterinary research · 2017Article
- Cartilage canals in newborn dogs: histochemical and immunohistochemical findings.European journal of histochemistry : EJH · 2016Article
- Discontinuities in the endothelium of epiphyseal cartilage canals and relevance to joint disease in foals.Journal of anatomy · 2016Article
- On the evolutionary relationship between chondrocytes and osteoblasts.Frontiers in genetics · 2015Review
- Histological confirmation and biological significance of cartilage canals demonstrated using high field MRI in swine at predilection sites of osteochondrosis.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2013Article
- Articular osteochondrosis: a comparison of naturally-occurring human and animal disease.Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2013Review
- Retinol-binding protein 4 is expressed in chondrocytes of developing mouse long bones: implications for a local role in formation of the secondary ossification center.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2013Article
- Dynamic loading of immature epiphyseal cartilage pumps nutrients out of vascular canals.Journal of biomechanics · 2011Article
- Mechanobiology of embryonic skeletal development: Insights from animal models.Birth defects research. Part C, Embryo today : reviews · 2010Review
- Phenotypic diversity in chondromyxoid fibroma reveals differentiation pattern of tumor mimicking fetal cartilage canals development: an immunohistochemical study.The American journal of pathology · 2010Article
- Mechanical properties of human fetal talus.Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2009Article
- Localization of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinases (MT1-MMP) and macrophages during early endochondral bone formation.Journal of anatomy · 2008Article
- Membrane-type MMPs enable extracellular matrix permissiveness and mesenchymal cell proliferation during embryogenesis.Developmental biology · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We investigated the development of cartilage canals to clarify their function in the process of bone formation. Cartilage canals are tubes containing vessels that are found in the hyaline cartilage prior to the formation of a secondary ossification centre (SOC). Their exact role is still controversial and it is unclear whether they contribute to endochondral bone formation when an SOC appears. We examined the cartilage canals of the chicken femur in different developmental stages (E20, D2, 5, 7, 8, 10 and 13). To obtain a detailed picture of the cellular and molecular events within and around the canals the femur was investigated by means of three-dimensional reconstruction, light microscopy, electron microscopy, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), type I and II collagen]. An SOC was visible for the first time on the last embryonic day (E20). Cartilage canals were an extension of the vascularized perichondrium and its mesenchymal stem cell layers into the hyaline cartilage. The canals formed a complex network within the epiphysis and some of them penetrated into the SOC were they ended blind. The growth of the canals into the SOC was promoted by VEGF. As the development progressed the SOC increased in size and adjacent canals were incorporated into it. The canals contained chondroclasts, which opened the lacunae of hypertrophic chondrocytes, and this was followed by invasion of mesenchymal cells into the empty lacunae and formation of an osteoid layer. In older stages this layer mineralized and increased in thickness by addition of further cells. Outside the SOC cartilage canals are surrounded by osteoid, which is formed by the process of perichondral bone formation. We conclude that cartilage canals contribute to both perichondral and endochondral bone formation and that osteoblasts have the same origin in both processes.
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