ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2005
Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 isolates in Egypt and analysis of the variability of envelope proteins E1 and E2 in patients with chronic hepatitis.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Occurrence of genetic modifications in core, 5'UTR and NS5b of HCV associated with viral response to treatment.Virology journal · 2014Trial
- Identifying Different Mutation Sites Leading to Resistance to the Direct-Acting Antiviral (DAA) Sofosbuvir in Hepatitis C Virus Patients from Egypt.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Increased levels of circulating IL-10 in persons recovered from hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection compared with persons with active HCV infection.BMC research notes · 2020Article
- Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus for Developed Antiviral Agents Resistance Mutations and New Insights into in-silico Prediction Studies.Infection and drug resistance · 2020Article
- Article
- 5' UTR and NS5B-based genotyping of hepatitis C virus in patients from Damietta governorate, Egypt.Journal of advanced research · 2018Article
- New insight into HCV E1/E2 region of genotype 4a.Virology journal · 2014Article
- Characterization of HCV genotype 5a envelope proteins: implications for vaccine development and therapeutic entry target.Hepatitis monthly · 2014Article
- Genotype 4 HCV infection is difficult to cure with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Results from a Greek Nationwide Cohort Study.Hippokratia · 2014Article
- Phylogenetic analysis of isolated HCV strains from tunisian hemodialysis patients.Viral immunology · 2013Article
- Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Sequence-Based Genotyping Analysis of Patients From the Sharkia Governorate, Egypt.Hepatitis monthly · 2013Article
- Molecular modeling comparison of the performance of NS5b polymerase inhibitor (PSI-7977) on prevalent HCV genotypes.The protein journal · 2013Article
- Heterogeneity and new epitopes of hepatitis C virus genotype 4.Hepatitis monthly · 2013Article
- Hepatitis C viral heterogeneity based on core gene and an attempt to design small interfering RNA against strains resistant to interferon in rawalpindi, pakistan.Hepatitis monthly · 2012Article
- Evaluation of multiplex nested polymerase chain reaction for routine hepatitis C virus genotyping in egyptian patients.Hepatitis monthly · 2012Article
- Epidemiological manifestations of hepatitis C virus genotypes and its association with potential risk factors among Libyan patients.Virology journal · 2010Article
- Hepatocellular carcinoma in Hepatitis C genotype 4 after viral clearance and in absence of cirrhosis: two case reports.Cases journal · 2009Article
- Complete genomic sequences for hepatitis C virus subtypes 4b, 4c, 4d, 4g, 4k, 4l, 4m, 4n, 4o, 4p, 4q, 4r and 4t.The Journal of general virology · 2009Article
- Tat protein vaccination of cynomolgus macaques influences SHIV-89.6P cy243 epitope variability.Virus genes · 2008Article
- Nosocomial transmission in simultaneous outbreaks of hepatitis C and B virus infections in a hemodialysis center.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2006Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
We analyzed hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4 isolates circulating in the Alexandria District (Egypt) in terms of genetic divergence and the presence of different subtypes. Hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) and the NH2 region of the E2 protein were characterized, and the heterogeneity of subtype 4a isolates was evaluated by analyzing epitope frequencies, immunoproteasome prediction, and possible glycosylation patterns. The heterogeneity of the nucleotide sequences was greater than that found in previous studies, which reported only subtype 4a. Subtype 4a was most common (78% of cases), yet four new subtypes were found, with subtype 4m representing 11% of the cases and the other three subtypes representing another 11%. Substantial heterogeneity was also found when the intrasubtype 4a sequences were analyzed. Differences in the probability of glycosylation and in the positions of the different sites were also observed. The analysis of the predicted cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte epitopes showed differences in both the potential proteosome cleavage and the prediction score. The Egyptian isolates in our study also showed high variability in terms of the HVR1 neutralization epitope. Five of these isolates showed amino acid substitutions never previously observed (a total of six positions). Four of these residues (in four different isolates) were in positions involved in anchoring to the E2 glycoprotein core and in maintaining the HVR1 conformation. The results of this study indicate that HCV genotype 4 in Egypt is extremely variable, not only in terms of sequence, but also in terms of functional and immunological determinants. These data should be taken into account in planning the development of vaccine trials in Egypt.
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