ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2005
Chemical mixtures: considering the evolution of toxicology and chemical assessment.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
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- Cumulative risk assessment as the pathway to public health protection for behavioral neurotoxicity.Neurotoxicology · 2025Review
- Chemical mixtures of mercury, PCBs, PFAS, and pesticides in freshwater fish in the US and the risks they pose for fish consumption.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Prenatal and perinatal exposure to Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-contaminated drinking water impacts offspring neurobehavior and development.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- Using science to respond to public exposures from chemical hazards during emergencies in England.Toxicology research · 2023Review
- Associations between faecal chemical pollutants and hormones in primates inhabiting Kibale National Park, Uganda.Biology letters · 2023Article
- A nested case-control study of serum polychlorinated biphenyls and papillary thyroid cancer risk among U.S. military service members.Environmental research · 2022Article
- An Emerging Cross-Species Marker for Organismal Health: Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- A Correlational Analysis of Phthalate Exposure and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Trimester two gestational exposure to bisphenol A and adherence to mediterranean diet are associated with adolescent offspring oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome risk in a sex-specific manner.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- A mixture of 15 phthalates and pesticides below individual chemical no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) produces reproductive tract malformations in the male rat.Environment international · 2021Article
- Making 'Chemical Cocktails' - Evolution of Urban Geochemical Processes across the Periodic Table of Elements.Applied geochemistry : journal of the International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry · 2020Article
- Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative Potential ofInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Review
- High-throughput screening tools facilitate calculation of a combined exposure-bioactivity index for chemicals with endocrine activity.Environment international · 2020Article
- Assessing the hazard of E-Cigarette flavor mixtures using zebrafish.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2020Article
- An environmentally realistic pesticide and copper mixture impacts embryonic development and DNA integrity of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Article
- Mathematical Modeling Approaches for Assessing the Joint Toxicity of Chemical Mixtures Based on Luminescent Bacteria: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The assessment of chemical mixtures is a complex topic for toxicologists, regulators, and the public. In this article the linkage between the science of toxicology and the needs of governmental regulatory agencies in the United States is explored through an overview of environmental regulations enacted over the past century and a brief history of modern toxicology. One of the goals of this overview is to encourage both regulators and scientists to consider the benefits and limitations of this science-regulatory relationship as they tackle existing issues such as chemical mixtures. It is clear that a) over the past 100 years chemical regulation and toxicologic research, have in large part, shared a common emphasis on characterization and regulation of individual chemicals. But chemical mixtures have been, and continue to be, evaluated at hazardous waste sites around the United States. For this reason the current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidelines for chemical mixtures assessment are also reviewed. These guidelines highlight the current practice of mixtures assessment, which relies primarily on the existing single-chemical database. It is also clear that b) the science and assessment of chemical mixtures are moving forward through the combined efforts of regulatory agencies and scientists from a broad range of disciplines, including toxicology. Because toxicology is at this exciting crossroads, particular attention should be paid to the forces (e.g., public demands, regulatory needs, funding, academic interests) that both promote and limit the growth of this expanding discipline.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.