ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2005
The phasevarion: a genetic system controlling coordinated, random switching of expression of multiple genes.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 120 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
120 citing papers in PubMed, 189 citations in OpenAlex.
- Candidatus Mycoplasma girerdii replicates, diversifies, and co-occurs with Trichomonas vaginalis in the oral cavity of a premature infant.Scientific reports · 2017Trial
- Growth Phase-Related DNA Methylation and Localized DNA Fragment Density Variation inEpigenomes · 2026Article
- Methylation Dynamics inMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Restriction-modification systems are required forProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Article
- Methylome profiles to investigate gene regulation mediated by phase-variable DNA methyltransferases in serogroup BMicrobiology resource announcements · 2026Article
- Epigenetic Phase Variation in Bacterial Adaptation to Environmental Stress: A Narrative Review.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Review
- 100+ years of phase variation: the premier bacterial bet-hedging phenomenon.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2025Review
- Understanding prokaryotic adaptation through advanced DNA methylation detection techniques.The ISME journal · 2025Review
- Review
- Microbial Primer: Phase variation - survival and adaptability by generation of a diverse population.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2024Review
- Phasevarions inMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Article
- High-depth RNA-Seq data sets to investigate the differences in gene expression mediated by phasevarions in non-typeableMicrobiology resource announcements · 2023Article
- Phase variable acetylation of lipooligosaccharide modifies antibody production and opsonophagocytic killing of non-typeableiScience · 2023Article
- AamA-mediated epigenetic control of genome-wide gene expression and phenotypic traits inMicrobial genomics · 2023Article
- Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae encodes multiple phase-variable DNA methyltransferases that control distinct phasevarions.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Adherence of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae to Cells and Substrates of the Airway Is Differentially Regulated by Individual ModA Phasevarions.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Bacterial DNA methyltransferase: A key to the epigenetic world with lessons learned from proteobacteria.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several host-adapted bacterial pathogens contain methyltransferases associated with type III restriction-modification (R-M) systems that are subject to reversible, high-frequency on/off switching of expression (phase variation). To investigate the role of phase-variable expression of R-M systems, we made a mutant strain lacking the methyltransferase (mod) associated with a type III R-M system of Haemophilus influenzae and analyzed its phenotype. By microarray analysis, we identified a number of genes that were either up- or down-regulated in the mod mutant strain. This system reports the coordinated random switching of a set of genes in a bacterial pathogen and may represent a widely used mechanism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.