ArticleSexually transmitted infections2005
Biological and hormonal markers of chlamydia, human papillomavirus, and bacterial vaginosis among adolescents attending genitourinary medicine clinics.
Article in Sexually transmitted infections, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Financial incentives for increasing uptake of HPV vaccinations: a randomized controlled trial.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2015Trial
- Using financial incentives to increase initial uptake and completion of HPV vaccinations: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.BMC health services research · 2012Trial
- Article
- Human and Pathogen Factors Associated with Chlamydia trachomatis-Related Infertility in Women.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2015Review
- Article
- Effect of sexual activity on vaginal colonization with hydrogen peroxide-producing lactobacilli and Gardnerella vaginalis.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2011Article
- Longitudinal changes in vaginal microbiota composition assessed by gram stain among never sexually active pre- and postmenarcheal adolescents in Rakai, Uganda.Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology · 2011Article
- Emergency contraceptive use as a marker of future risky sex, pregnancy, and sexually transmitted infection.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2009Article
- A semi-qualitative study of attitudes to vaccinating adolescents against human papillomavirus without parental consent.BMC public health · 2007Article
- Factors affecting vaginal pH levels among female adolescents attending genitourinary medicine clinics.Sexually transmitted infections · 2005Article
- Gardnerella vaginalis-associated bacterial vaginosis in Bulgarian women.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious DiseasesArticle
- Bacterial vaginosis in pregnant adolescents: proinflammatory cytokine and bacterial sialidase profile. Cross-sectional study.Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicinaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess maturity indices, menstrual patterns, hormonal factors, and risk of adolescent genital tract infections.
methodsCross sectional study in three genitourinary medicine clinics. Females 17 years or less, within 5 years of menarche, or reporting oligo-amenorrhoea were screened for genital tract infections and menstrual cycle characteristics determined. The outcome measures were risk factors associated with chlamydia, human papillomavirus (HPV DNA) and bacterial vaginosis (BV), separately and pooled. Correlations between estrone-3-glucuronide (E3G) and pregnanediol-3alpha-glucuronide (P3G) hormone concentrations and chlamydia, HPV, and BV.
resultsAmong 127 adolescents, HPV was present in 64.4% (95% CI: 54.5 to 74.3), BV in 33.9% (19.1 to 34.5), and chlamydia in 26.8% (19.1 to 34.5). Breast maturity, oligomenorrhoea, and older gynaecological age were associated with lower risk of all infections. After adjustment for calendar age, race, and behavioural factors, gynaecological age remained significant (OR = 0.7, 0.6-0.9; p = 0.008). Behavioural risk factors differed by infection. Smoking was protective for HPV (OR = 0.1, 0.0 to 0.9; p = 0.007), and a recent new partner for chlamydia (OR = 0.3, 0.1 to 0.9; p = 0.024). Sex during menses was associated with increased BV risk (OR = 3.3, 1.5 to 7.2; p = 0.003). Chlamydia was higher among adolescents who used emergency contraception (2.5; 1.1 to 5.9, p = 0.029) and lower among those using condoms at last sex (OR = 0.3, 0.1 to 0.9; p = 0.015). Among 25 adolescents not using hormonal contraceptives, 15 had disturbed or anovulatory cycles. Chlamydia risk was inversely associated with P3G concentrations (Mann-Whitney; p = 0.05).
conclusionsAdolescents engaging in high risk behaviour at a young gynaecological age are susceptible to multiple infections. Adolescent clinical assessment should include gynaecological age.
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