ArticleJournal of virology2005
Role of low CD4 levels in the influence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope V1 and V2 regions on entry and spread in macrophages.
Article in Journal of virology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Bafilomycin A1 Inhibits HIV-1 Infection by Disrupting Lysosomal Cholesterol Transport.Viruses · 2024Article
- Article
- A germ-free humanized mouse model shows the contribution of resident microbiota to human-specific pathogen infection.Nature biotechnology · 2024Article
- Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: a Possible Reservoir for HIV-1?Stem cell reviews and reports · 2022Review
- HIV-1 R5 Macrophage-Tropic Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers Bind CD4 with High Affinity, while the CD4 Binding Site on Non-macrophage-tropic, T-Tropic R5 Envelopes Is Occluded.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Identification of Emerging Macrophage-Tropic HIV-1 R5 Variants in Brain Tissue of AIDS Patients without Severe Neurological Complications.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Saturation Mutagenesis of the HIV-1 Envelope CD4 Binding Loop Reveals Residues Controlling Distinct Trimer Conformations.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Immune Cell Receptors, Coreceptors, and Cofactors: Implications for Prevention and Treatment.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2016Review
- Effect of cytokines on Siglec-1 and HIV-1 entry in monocyte-derived macrophages: the importance of HIV-1 envelope V1V2 region.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2016Article
- Phenotypic Correlates of HIV-1 Macrophage Tropism.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Incomplete APOBEC3G/F Neutralization by HIV-1 Vif Mutants Facilitates the Genetic Evolution from CCR5 to CXCR4 Usage.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2015Article
- Article
- Infection of ectocervical tissue and universal targeting of T-cells mediated by primary non-macrophage-tropic and highly macrophage-tropic HIV-1 R5 envelopes.Retrovirology · 2015Article
- HIV-1 non-macrophage-tropic R5 envelope glycoproteins are not more tropic for entry into primary CD4+ T-cells than envelopes highly adapted for macrophages.Retrovirology · 2015Article
- Emergence of CD4 independence envelopes and astrocyte infection in R5 simian-human immunodeficiency virus model of encephalitis.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- Loss of a conserved N-linked glycosylation site in the simian immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein V2 region enhances macrophage tropism by increasing CD4-independent cell-to-cell transmission.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- Enhanced fusion and virion incorporation for HIV-1 subtype C envelope glycoproteins with compact V1/V2 domains.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- CD4+ T cells support production of simian immunodeficiency virus Env antibodies that enforce CD4-dependent entry and shape tropism in vivo.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Laser capture microdissection assessment of virus compartmentalization in the central nervous systems of macaques infected with neurovirulent simian immunodeficiency virus.Journal of virology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates vary in their ability to infect macrophages. Previous experiments have mapped viral determinants of macrophage infectivity to the V3 hypervariable region of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. In our earlier studies, V1 and V2 sequences of HIV-1 were also shown to alter the ability of virus to spread in macrophage cultures, whereas no effect was seen in lymphocyte cultures. In the present study, determinants that allowed certain HIV-1 clones to infect and spread in macrophages were primarily mapped to the V2 region and were found to act by influencing early events of viral infection. By an assay of viral entry into macrophages, it was shown that viruses with the V2 region from the Ba-L strain of HIV-1 had >10-fold-higher entry efficiency than viruses with the V2 region derived from the NL4-3 strain. V1 region differences between these groups caused a twofold difference in entry. The known low expression of CD4 on macrophages appeared to be important in this process. In entry assays conducted with HeLa cell lines expressing various levels of CD4 and CCR5, low levels of CD4 influenced the efficiency of entry and fusion which were dependent on viral V1 and V2 envelope sequences. In contrast, no effect of V1 or V2 was seen in HeLa cells expressing high levels of CD4. Thus, the limited expression of CD4 on macrophages or other cell types could serve as a selective factor for V1 and V2 envelope sequences, and this selection could in turn influence many aspects of AIDS pathogenesis in vivo.
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Registered trials
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