ArticleEMBO reports2005
Requirements of peptidoglycan structure that allow detection by the Drosophila Toll pathway.
Article in EMBO reports, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The ClpX chaperone controls autolytic splitting of Staphylococcus aureus daughter cells, but is bypassed by β-lactam antibiotics or inhibitors of WTA biosynthesis.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- SEDS-bPBP pairs direct lateral and septal peptidoglycan synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus.Nature microbiology · 2019Article
- Accessibility to Peptidoglycan Is Important for the Recognition of Gram-Positive Bacteria in Drosophila.Cell reports · 2019Article
- The pentaglycine bridges of Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan are essential for cell integrity.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Toll-Like Receptors, Associated Biological Roles, and Signaling Networks in Non-Mammals.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Genome comparisons provide insights into the role of secondary metabolites in the pathogenic phase of the Photorhabdus life cycle.BMC genomics · 2016Article
- Staphylococcus aureus Survives with a Minimal Peptidoglycan Synthesis Machine but Sacrifices Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- L-Rhamnosylation of Listeria monocytogenes Wall Teichoic Acids Promotes Resistance to Antimicrobial Peptides by Delaying Interaction with the Membrane.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- Bacterial and fungal pattern recognition receptors in homologous innate signaling pathways of insects and mammals.Frontiers in microbiology · 2015Review
- Reduction of the peptidoglycan crosslinking causes a decrease in stiffness of the Staphylococcus aureus cell envelope.Biophysical journal · 2014Article
- Host-induced bacterial cell wall decomposition mediates pattern-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis.eLife · 2014Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The Drosophila immune system is able to discriminate between classes of bacteria. Detection of Gram-positive bacteria involves a complex of two pattern recognition receptors: peptidoglycan recognition protein SA (PGRP-SA) and Gram-negative binding protein 1 (GNBP1). These activate the Toll signalling pathway. To define the cell wall components sensed by the host, we used highly purified peptidoglycan fragments of two principal Gram-positive bacterial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. We report that in both peptidoglycans, the minimal structure needed to activate the Toll pathway is a muropeptide dimer and that the free reducing end of the N-acetyl muramic acid residues of the muropeptides is essential for activity. Monomeric muropeptides were inactive and inhibitory in combination with dimers. Finally, peptidoglycan was degraded by the haemolymph of wild-type but not GNBP1 mutant flies. We suggest a model whereby GNBP1 is involved in the hydrolysis of Gram-positive peptidoglycan producing new glycan reducing ends, which are subsequently detected by PGRP-SA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.