ArticleTobacco control2005
Educational inequalities in smoking among men and women aged 16 years and older in 11 European countries.
Article in Tobacco control, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Trends in the prevalence of smoking in Portugal: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2012Pooled it
- Socioeconomic inequalities in occupational, leisure-time, and transport related physical activity among European adults: a systematic review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2012Pooled it
- Impact of smoking history on the outcomes of women with early-stage breast cancer: a secondary analysis of a randomized study.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Additive interactions of smoking with obesity on ischemic heart disease mortality: a national prospective cohort study in the United States.International journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Components and Harm Perceptions of E-Cigarettes: Health Risks and Intervention Strategies among Multicultural Youth in Pakistan.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Smoking Uptake Among Adolescents in Social Housing Australia.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Gender and Women's Tobacco Use: An Ecological Analysis with Country-level Data.Thoracic research and practice · 2025Article
- Behavioral risk factors and socioeconomic inequalities in ischemic heart disease mortality in the United States: A causal mediation analysis using record linkage data.PLoS medicine · 2024Article
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- Causal Effect of Education on Tobacco Use in Low-and-Middle-Income Countries.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Changes in coffee and caffeine intake during the pandemic in women smokers and non-smokers: a future challenge for cardiovascular prevention.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2023Observational
- Variation in smoking attributable all-cause mortality across municipalities in Belgium, 2018: application of a Bayesian approach for small area estimations.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Observational
- Socioeconomic status and risk of lung cancer by histological subtype in the Nordic countries.Cancer medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in Turkey from 2008 to 2016.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Factors Associated with the 30-Day and 1-Year Smoking Abstinence of Women in Korea: The Effect of Nicotine Dependency, Self-Efficacy, and Mental Illness.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Educational inequalities, urbanicity and levels of non-communicable diseases risk factors: evaluating trends in Argentina (2005-2013).BMC public health · 2021Article
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine those groups who are at increased risk of smoking related diseases, we assessed in which male and female generations smoking was more prevalent among lower educated groups than among the higher educated, in 11 European countries.
designCross sectional analysis of data on smoking, covering the year 1998, from a social survey designed for all member states of the European Union. SUBJECTS: Higher and lower educated men and women aged 16 years and older from 11 member states of the European Union. OUTCOME MEASURES: Age standardised prevalence rates by education and prevalence odds ratios of current and ever daily smoking comparing lower educated groups with higher educated groups.
resultsA north-south gradient in educational inequalities in current and ever daily smoking was observed for women older than 24 years, showing larger inequalities in the northern countries. Such a gradient was not observed for men. A disadvantage for the lower educated in terms of smoking generally occurred later among women than among men. Indications of inequalities in smoking in the age group 16-24 years were observed for all countries, with the exception of women from Greece and Portugal.
conclusionsPreventing and reducing smoking among lower educated subgroups should be a priority of policies aiming to reduce inequalities in health in Europe. If steps are not taken to control tobacco use among the lower educated groups specifically, inequalities in lung cancer and other smoking related diseases should be anticipated in all populations of the European Union, and both sexes.
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