ArticleInfection and immunity2005
Regulation of type III secretion hierarchy of translocators and effectors in attaching and effacing bacterial pathogens.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers.
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Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 188 citations in OpenAlex.
- Substrate secretion by different EHEC secretion systems during their interaction with epithelial cells.Virulence · 2026Article
- Milk-derived peptone reduces EHEC virulence by inhibiting the type III secretion system.Virulence · 2026Article
- Oligomeric assembly of the gatekeeper InvE orchestrates hierarchical type III protein secretion inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Calcium controls type III secretion switch through an SctV-SctW interplay.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Engineering non-pathogenic bacteria for auto-transporter-driven secretion of functional interferon.Gut microbes · 2025Article
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- On the role of the sorting platform in hierarchical type III secretion regulation in enteropathogenicJournal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- Morphogenetic penicillin-binding proteins control virulence-associated type III secretion systems inInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Beyond pathogenicity: applications of the type III secretion system (T3SS) ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- FlaG competes with FliS-flagellin complexes for access to FlhA in the flagellar T3SS to controlProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Secretion of functional interferon by the type 3 secretion system of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.Microbial cell factories · 2024Article
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- BopN is a Gatekeeper of theMicrobiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Attaching and effacing pathogens modulate host mitochondrial structure and function.International review of cell and molecular biology · 2023Review
- A ParDE toxin-antitoxin system is responsible for the maintenance of theFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Recognition of a translocation motif in the regulator HpaA fromFrontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Assay for Type III Secretion in Escherichia coli.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- CesL Regulates Type III Secretion Substrate Specificity of the EnteropathogenicMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Abundant Monovalent Ions as Environmental Signposts for Pathogens during Host Colonization.Infection and immunity · 2021Review
- A Reporter System for Fast Quantitative Monitoring of Type 3 Protein Secretion in EnteropathogenicMicroorganisms · 2020Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), and the mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium (CR) belong to the family of attaching and effacing (A/E) bacterial pathogens. They possess the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island, which encodes a type III secretion system. These pathogens secrete a number of proteins into culture media, including type III effector proteins and translocators that are required for the translocation of effectors into host cells. Preliminary evidence indicated that the LEE-encoded SepL and Rorf6/SepD may form a molecular switch that controls the secretion of translocators and effectors in CR. Here, we show that SepL and SepD indeed perform this function in A/E pathogens such as EHEC and EPEC. Their sepL and sepD mutants do not secrete translocators but exhibit enhanced secretion of effectors. We demonstrate that SepL and SepD interact with each other and that both SepL and SepD are localized to the bacterial membranes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that culture media influence the type III secretion profile of EHEC, EPEC, and CR and that low-calcium concentrations inhibit secretion of translocators but promote the secretion of effectors, similar to effects on type III secretion by mutations in sepL and sepD. However, the secretion profile of the sepD and sepL mutants is not affected by these culture conditions. Collectively, our results suggest that SepL and SepD not only are necessary for efficient translocator secretion in A/E pathogens but also control a switch from translocator to effector secretion by sensing certain environmental signals such as low calcium.
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