ArticleInfection and immunity2005
Avoidance of the host immune system through phase variation in Mycoplasma pulmonis.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacterial community analysis of treponeme-associated hoof disease in free-ranging elk (Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Review
- Vpma phase variation is important for survival and persistence of Mycoplasma agalactiae in the immunocompetent host.PLoS pathogens · 2017Article
- Phenotypic characterization of Mycoplasma synoviae induced changes in the metabolic and sensitivity profile of in vitro infected chicken chondrocytes.BioMed research international · 2014Article
- EPS-I polysaccharide protects Mycoplasma pulmonis from phagocytosis.FEMS microbiology letters · 2013Article
- Ureaplasma parvum serovar 3 multiple banded antigen size variation after chronic intra-amniotic infection/colonization.PloS one · 2013Article
- Article
- Role of Vpma phase variation in Mycoplasma agalactiae pathogenesis.FEMS immunology and medical microbiology · 2012Article
- MAP1272c encodes an NlpC/P60 protein, an antigen detected in cattle with Johne's disease.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2012Article
- Mycoplasma polysaccharide protects against complement.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2012Article
- Mycoplasma pulmonis Vsa proteins and polysaccharide modulate adherence to pulmonary epithelial cells.FEMS microbiology letters · 2012Article
- The Vsa shield of Mycoplasma pulmonis is antiphagocytic.Infection and immunity · 2012Article
- The severity of chorioamnionitis in pregnant sheep is associated with in vivo variation of the surface-exposed multiple-banded antigen/gene of Ureaplasma parvum.Biology of reproduction · 2010Article
- Occurrence, plasticity, and evolution of the vpma gene family, a genetic system devoted to high-frequency surface variation in Mycoplasma agalactiae.Journal of bacteriology · 2009Article
- Mycoplasma biofilms ex vivo and in vivo.FEMS microbiology letters · 2009Article
- Identification of exopolysaccharide-deficient mutants of Mycoplasma pulmonis.Molecular microbiology · 2009Article
- Detailed analysis of sequence changes occurring during vlsE antigenic variation in the mouse model of Borrelia burgdorferi infection.PLoS pathogens · 2009Article
- Genome of Mycoplasma arthritidis.Infection and immunity · 2008Article
- Phase-locked mutants of Mycoplasma agalactiae: defining the molecular switch of high-frequency Vpma antigenic variation.Molecular microbiology · 2008Article
- Molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC.Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997) · 2007Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Phase-variable lipoproteins are commonly found in Mycoplasma species. Mycoplasma pulmonis contains a family of extensively studied phase- and size-variable lipoproteins encoded by the vsa locus. The Vsa surface proteins vary at a high frequency, the in vivo significance of which has yet to be determined. We investigated the role of Vsa phase variation in respect to tissue tropism and avoidance of the immune system in the mouse host. Mycoplasmas were cultured 3, 14, and 21 days postinoculation from the nose, lung, trachea, liver, and spleen of experimentally infected C57BL/6 (wild-type), C57BL/6-RAG-1-/- (RAG-/-), and C57BL/6-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-/- (iNOS-/-) mice. In wild-type and iNOS-/- mice, a large number of Vsa variants were seen by 21 days postinoculation. In contrast, little Vsa variation occurred in all tissues of RAG-/- mice. Analysis of isolates from 14 days postinoculation revealed less variation of the Vsa proteins in iNOS-/- mice than in the wild type. Western blot analysis of isolates from each strain of mouse demonstrated that Vsa phase variation occurred independently of size variation, indicating no obvious selection pressure for size variants. Additionally, these experiments provided no evidence that mycoplasmas producing particular Vsa proteins adhered only to specific tissues. The data strongly indicate that Vsa phase variation is a mechanism for avoidance of the immune system with no obvious contribution to tissue tropism.
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