ArticleJournal of virology2005
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced macrophage gene expression includes the p21 gene, a target for viral regulation.
Article in Journal of virology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of gene expression profiles in long-term non-progressors infected with HIV-1.BMC medical genomics · 2019Pooled it
- May I Help You with Your Coat? HIV-1 Capsid Uncoating and Reverse Transcription.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Comparative Analysis of Differential Cellular Transcriptome and Proteome Regulation by HIV-1 and HIV-2 Pseudovirions in the Early Phase of Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Role of p53 in HIV Infection.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Review
- p21 restricts influenza A virus by perturbing the viral polymerase complex and upregulating type I interferon signaling.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- HIV-1 persistence in the CNS: Mechanisms of latency, pathogenesis and an update on eradication strategies.Virus research · 2021Review
- Targeting Epigenetics to Cure HIV-1: Lessons From (and for) Cancer Treatment.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Transcriptome Profiling of Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Upon CCL2 Neutralization Reveals an Association Between Activation of Innate Immune Pathways and Restriction of HIV-1 Gene Expression.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Article
- Article
- Expression of MDM2 in Macrophages Promotes the Early Postentry Steps of HIV-1 Infection through Inhibition of p53.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Microglial Cells: The Main HIV-1 Reservoir in the Brain.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
- Crosstalk in competing endogenous RNA networks reveals new circular RNAs involved in the pathogenesis of early HIV infection.Journal of translational medicine · 2018Article
- Inhibition of HIV early replication by the p53 and its downstream gene p21.Virology journal · 2018Article
- Review
- Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors: Accomplices for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Latency.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Targeting the Brain Reservoirs: Toward an HIV Cure.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
- HIV-1 Vpr protein activates the NF-κB pathway to promote G2/M cell cycle arrest.Virologica Sinica · 2015Article
- Potent restriction of HIV-1 and SIVmac239 replication by African green monkey TRIM5α.Retrovirology · 2015Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In contrast to CD4+ T cells, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected macrophages typically resist cell death, support viral replication, and consequently, may facilitate HIV-1 transmission. To elucidate how the virus commandeers the macrophage's intracellular machinery for its benefit, we analyzed HIV-1-infected human macrophages for virus-induced gene transcription by using multiple parameters, including cDNA expression arrays. HIV-1 infection induced the transcriptional regulation of genes associated with host defense, signal transduction, apoptosis, and the cell cycle, among which the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A/p21) gene was the most prominent. p21 mRNA and protein expression followed a bimodal pattern which was initially evident during the early stages of infection, and maximum levels occurred concomitant with active HIV-1 replication. Mechanistically, viral protein R (Vpr) independently regulates p21 expression, consistent with the reduced viral replication and lack of p21 upregulation by a Vpr-negative virus. Moreover, the treatment of macrophages with p21 antisense oligonucleotides or small interfering RNAs reduced HIV-1 infection. In addition, the synthetic triterpenoid and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO), which is known to influence p21 expression, suppressed viral replication. These data implicate p21 as a pivotal macrophage facilitator of the viral life cycle. Moreover, regulators of p21, such as CDDO, may provide an interventional approach to modulate HIV-1 replication.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.