ArticleDiabetologia2005
IA-2 antibody prevalence and risk assessment of early insulin requirement in subjects presenting with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 71).
Article in Diabetologia, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024: Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2024Guideline
- Islet autoantibody positivity in overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes.Autoimmunity · 2018Trial
- Frequency of islet autoantibody seropositivity among adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in the Kazakh population: A cross-sectional study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
- Continuously High Titers of Multiple Islet-associated Autoantibodies in an Individual with an Elderly Onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Basedow's Disease: A Case Report with a Review of Literature.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Review
- Type 1 diabetes risk factors, risk prediction and presymptomatic detection: Evidence and guidance for screening.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Biochemical Characteristics and Performance of the 3 Screen ICA ELISA Kit.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Clinical characteristics, treatment, and treatment switch after molecular-genetic classification in individuals with maturity-onset diabetes of the young: Insights from the multicenter real-world DPV registry.Journal of diabetes · 2024Article
- Autoantibodies against beta cells to predict early insulin requirements in pediatric patients with clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes.World journal of diabetes · 2024Article
- Article
- Estimation of Individual Positive Anti-Islet Autoantibodies from 3 Screen ICA Titer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Prediction of future insulin-deficiency in glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-positive patients with slowly-progressive type 1 diabetes.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2024Article
- Pathology of Diabetes-Induced Immune Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A Review on Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults.Cureus · 2023Review
- Innate immunity in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2022Review
- Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults in China.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: a focus on β-cell protection and therapy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- The impact of phenotype, ethnicity and genotype on progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2020Review
- Birth and coming of age of islet autoantibodies.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2019Review
- A Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Can Identify Patients With GAD65 Autoantibody-Positive Type 2 Diabetes Who Rapidly Progress to Insulin Therapy.Diabetes care · 2019Article
- Slowly Progressive Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Current Knowledge And Future Perspectives.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aims/hypothesisEstablished autoimmune markers of type 1 diabetes, including islet cell autoantibodies (ICA) and autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) have been used to screen people presenting with type 2 diabetes for latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. We have examined the prevalence of autoantibodies to protein tyrosine phosphatase isoforms IA-2 (IA-2A) and IA-2beta/phogrin (IA-2betaA) in a cohort of adult UKPDS patients thought to have type 2 diabetes, and investigated the possible role of these autoantibodies in predicting requirement for insulin therapy.
methodsIA-2A and IA-2betaA were measured by a validated radioimmunoassay with human recombinant autoantigens in 4,169 white Caucasian patients aged 25-65 years and newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The clinical requirement for insulin therapy within 6 years was examined in 2,556 patients not randomised to insulin.
resultsIA-2A and IA-2betaA were present in 2.2 and 1.4%, respectively, of these patients. IA-2A were more prevalent in younger patients (p for trend <0.00001), more often associated with the HLA-DR4 allele (26.3 vs 8.0%, p<0.0001), and their presence increased the likelihood of insulin therapy requirement within 6 years from diagnosis [relative risk (95%CI) 12.2 (9.8-15.3)]. The presence of IA-2A together with GADA increased the relative risk of requiring insulin therapy from 5.4 (4.1-7.1) for GADA alone to 8.3 (3.7-18.8) and the corresponding positive predictive value from 33 to 50%. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationIn type 2 diabetes, the presence of IA-2A is infrequent, associated with the HLA-DR4 haplotype, and highly predictive of future need for insulin therapy. The measurement of IA-2betaA does not provide additional information.
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