Evidence map›Paper›PMID 15764467›Full record

ReviewHarvard review of psychiatry

Neurobiologic processes in drug reward and addiction.

Bryon Adinoff

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Harvard review of psychiatry. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04057534 (Investigating Neurobiological Mechanisms of Chess as an Add-On Treatment Against Substance Use Disorder), which is not on this map. Cited by 203 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
203citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
4.2field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04057534 nacompletednot on this map

Investigating Neurobiological Mechanisms of Chess as an Add-On Treatment Against Substance Use Disorder

TypeinterventionalSponsorCentral Institute of Mental Health, MannheimRan2020 to 2023Enrolled108ConditionsSubstance Use DisordersArmsStandard therapy for AUD plus Chess-based cognitive treatment, Standard therapy for AUD, Standard smoking cessation therapy for TUD plus Chess-based cognitive treatment, Standard therapy for TUD
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

203 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 545 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Biopsychosocial and Environmental Factors That Impact Brain-Gut-Microbiome Interactions in Obesity.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2026
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143 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Bryon AdinoffDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA. bryon.adinoff@utsouthwestern.edu
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center · US

Funding

LIMBIC SENSITIVITY IN COCAINE ADDICTIONR01DA011434 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SW MED CTR/DALLAS · PI ADINOFF, BRYON H · 1998 to 2005
$1.5M
PHARMACOLOGIC DISSECTION OF THE HPA AXIS IN ALCOHOLISMR01AA011570 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SW MED CTR/DALLAS · PI ADINOFF, BRYON H · 1998 to 2002
$868k
NIAAA NIH HHS AA1570NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA011570NIDA NIH HHS DA11434NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA011434
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neurophysiologic processes underlie the uncontrolled, compulsive behaviors defining the addicted state. These"hard-wired"changes in the brain are considered critical for the transition from casual to addictive drug use. This review of preclinical and clinical (primarily neuroimaging) studies will describe how the delineation between pleasure, reward, and addiction has evolved as our understanding of the biologic mechanisms underlying these processes has progressed. Although the mesolimbic dopaminergic efflux associated with drug reward was previously considered the biologic equivalent of pleasure, dopaminergic activation occurs in the presence of unexpected and novel stimuli (either pleasurable or aversive) and appears to determine the motivational state of wanting or expectation. The persistent release of dopamine during chronic drug use progressively recruits limbic brain regions and the prefrontal cortex, embedding drug cues into the amygdala (through glutaminergic mechanisms) and involving the amygdala, anterior cingulate, orbitofrontal cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the obsessive craving for drugs. The abstinent, addicted brain is subsequently primed to return to drug use when triggered by a single use of drug, contextual drug cues, craving, or stress, with each process defined by a relatively distinct brain region or neural pathway. The compulsive drive toward drug use is complemented by deficits in impulse control and decision making, which are also mediated by the orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate. Within this framework, future targets for pharmacologic treatment are suggested.

Indexed as

AmygdalaBehavior, AddictiveBrainCuesDopamineHumansModels, NeurologicalNeural PathwaysNucleus AccumbensSubstance-Related DisordersDopamine

Identifiers

PMID15764467
PMCPMC1920543
OpenAlexW2104492171

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.