ReviewBMC infectious diseases2005
Could flies explain the elusive epidemiology of campylobacteriosis?
Review in BMC infectious diseases, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Longitudinal survey investigating vectors and reservoirs forApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Unveiling the hidden dangers: enteropathogens carried by flies in Pudong New Area.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Review
- Seasonality and the effects of weather on Campylobacter infections.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Sources and contamination routes of microbial pathogens to fresh produce during field cultivation: A review.Food microbiology · 2018Review
- A Review of the Effect of Management Practices onFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
- Risk Factors and Level ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- The effects of ambient temperature and heatwaves on daily Campylobacter cases in Adelaide, Australia, 1990-2012.Epidemiology and infection · 2017Article
- A role for flies (Diptera) in the transmission of Campylobacter to broilers?Epidemiology and infection · 2016Article
- Detection of foodborne bacterial pathogens from individual filth flies.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2015Article
- The importance of climatic factors and outliers in predicting regional monthly campylobacteriosis risk in Georgia, USA.International journal of biometeorology · 2014Article
- Environmental and demographic risk factors for campylobacteriosis: do various geographical scales tell the same story?BMC infectious diseases · 2012Article
- Prevalence and relative risk of Cronobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes associated with the body surfaces and guts of individual filth flies.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2012Article
- Development and validation of a comparative genomic fingerprinting method for high-resolution genotyping of Campylobacter jejuni.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2012Article
- Campylobacter epidemiology: a descriptive study reviewing 1 million cases in England and Wales between 1989 and 2011.BMJ open · 2012Article
- The reported incidence of campylobacteriosis modelled as a function of earlier temperatures and numbers of cases, Montreal, Canada, 1990-2006.International journal of biometeorology · 2011Article
- Horizontal transfer of the tetracycline resistance gene tetM mediated by pCF10 among Enterococcus faecalis in the house fly (Musca domestica L.) alimentary canal.Microbial ecology · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUnlike salmonellosis with well-known routes of transmission, the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis is still largely unclear. Known risk factors such as ingestion of contaminated food and water, direct contact with infected animals and outdoor swimming could at most only explain half the recorded cases. DISCUSSION: We put forward the hypothesis that flies play a more important role in the transmission of the bacteria, than has previously been recognized. Factors supporting this hypothesis are: 1) the low infective dose of Campylobacter; 2) the ability of flies to function as mechanical vectors; 3) a ubiquitous presence of the bacteria in the environment; 4) a seasonality of the disease with summer peaks in temperate regions and a more evenly distribution over the year in the tropics; 5) an age pattern for campylobacteriosis in western travellers to the tropics suggesting other routes of transmission than food or water; and finally 6) very few family clusters. SUMMARY: All the evidence in favour of the fly hypothesis is circumstantial and there may be alternative explanations to each of the findings supporting the hypothesis. However, in the absence of alternative explanations that could give better clues to the evasive epidemiology of Campylobacter infection, we believe it would be unwise to rule out flies as important mechanical vectors also of this disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.