Trial reportEnvironmental health perspectives2005
Racial differences in exposure to environmental tobacco smoke among children.
Trial report in Environmental health perspectives, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized Trial to Reduce Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Children With Asthma
Environmental Exposures, NOS Genes, and Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Pediatric Asthma
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Family and carer smoking control programmes for reducing children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Relationships between self-reported smoking, household environmental tobacco smoke exposure and depressive symptoms in a pregnant minority population.Maternal and child health journal · 2011Trial
- Assessment, detection, and validation of clinical associations of thirdhand smoke exposure (ADVOCATE) study protocol.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Maternal smoking during pregnancy and blood lead levels in US children aged 1-15 years: associations modified by age and race.Paediatrics & child health · 2025Article
- The Diverging Trend in Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke Among US Children.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- A Comparison of Measured Airborne and Self-Reported Secondhand Smoke Exposure in the MADRES Pregnancy Cohort Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Crossover Trends in Current Cigarette Smoking Between Racial and Ethnic Groups of US Adolescents Aged 12-19 Years Old, 1999-2018.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Pregnant Dogs: Maternal and Newborn Cotinine Levels: A Pilot Study.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- The Associations ofInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Comparison of Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Methods to Measure Salivary Cotinine Levels in Ill Children.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Relation to Family Characteristics, Stressors and Chemical Co-Exposures in California Girls.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Nicotine levels in silicone wristband samplers worn by children exposed to secondhand smoke and electronic cigarette vapor are highly correlated with child's urinary cotinine.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2019Article
- Caring for Young Children with Asthma: Perspectives from Urban Community Health Centers.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2017Article
- Comparison of secondhand smoke exposure in minority and nonminority children with asthma.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2016Article
- Associations of neighborhood concentrated poverty, neighborhood racial/ethnic composition, and indoor allergen exposures: a cross-sectional analysis of los angeles households, 2006-2008.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2014Article
- Persistent snoring in preschool children: predictors and behavioral and developmental correlates.Pediatrics · 2012Article
- Demographic and geographic differences in exposure to secondhand smoke in Missouri workplaces, 2007-2008.Preventing chronic disease · 2011Article
- Unexpected benefits: pathways from smoking restrictions in the home to psychological well-being and distress among urban Black and Puerto Rican Americans.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2011Article
- Recent contributions of air- and biomarkers to the control of secondhand smoke (SHS): a review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2011Review
- White blood cell DNA adducts in a cohort of asthmatic children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among U.S. children. Despite African-American children's having a lower reported exposure to tobacco compared to whites, they suffer disproportionately from tobacco-related illnesses and have higher levels of serum cotinine than white children. The goal of this study was to test whether African-American children have higher levels of serum and hair cotinine, after accounting for ETS exposure and various housing characteristics. We investigated the level of cotinine in both hair and serum in a sample of 222 children with asthma. Using a previously validated survey for adult smokers, we assessed each child's exposure to ETS. We collected detailed information on the primary residence, including home volume, ventilation, and overall home configuration. Despite a lower reported ETS exposure, African-American children had higher mean levels of serum cotinine (1.41 ng/mL vs. 0.97 ng/mL; p = 0.03) and hair cotinine (0.25 ng/mg vs. 0.07 ng/mg; p < 0.001) compared with white children. After adjusting for ETS exposure, housing size, and other demographic characteristics, serum and hair cotinine levels remained significantly higher in African-American children (ss = 0.34, p = 0.03) than in white children (ss = 1.06, p < 0.001). Housing volume was significantly associated with both serum and hair cotinine but did not fully explain the race difference. Our results demonstrate that, despite a lower reported exposure to ETS, African-American children with asthma had significantly higher levels of both serum and hair cotinine than did white children. Identifying causes and consequences of increased cotinine may help explain the striking differences in tobacco-related illnesses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.