ReviewLung2004
Innate host defense of the lung: effects of lung-lining fluid pH.
Review in Lung, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 152 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exhaled Breath Analysis in Diagnosis of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Oxidative Potential Versus Biological Effects: A Review on the Relevance of Cell-Free/Abiotic Assays as Predictors of Toxicity from Airborne Particulate Matter.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Pooled it
- Enhanced antimycobacterial efficacy of simulated inhaled clofazimine versus oral clofazimine in combination with azithromycin and ethambutol in a hollow-fiber system.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- One-Step Synthesized Folic Acid-Based Carbon Dots: A Biocompatible Nanomaterial for the Treatment of Bacterial Infections in Lung Pathologies.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Biopersistence of man-made vitreous fibres (MMVF) / synthetic vitreous fibres (SVF): advancing from animal models to acellular testing.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2025Review
- Development of a biorelevant dissolution method for inhalation products: Proof of concept using drugs with diverse solubilities.ADMET & DMPK · 2025Article
- Respiratory Delivery ofPharmaceutics · 2024Article
- First Insight into the Degradome ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- New approach methodologies (NAMs) for theFrontiers in toxicology · 2024Review
- Nano vs Resistant Tuberculosis: Taking the Lung Route.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2023Review
- Blood pH Analysis in Combination with Molecular Medical Tools in Relation to COVID-19 Symptoms.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Should Airway Interstitial Fluid Be Used to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics of Macrolide Antibiotics for Dose Regimen Determination in Respiratory Infection?Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Emerging strategies in nanotechnology to treat respiratory tract infections: realizing current trends for future clinical perspectives.Drug delivery · 2022Review
- An Investigation into the Re-Emergence of Disease Following Cessation of Antibiotic Treatment in Balb/c Mice Infected with InhalationalAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Activity of Delafloxacin and Levofloxacin against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia at Simulated Plasma and Intrapulmonary pH Values.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- COVID-19 and Liquid Homeostasis in the Lung-A Perspective through the Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC) Lens.Cells · 2022Review
- OvercomingOpen forum infectious diseases · 2022Review
- Investigation of a combination therapy approach for the treatment of melioidosis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Article
- Deficiency of lung-specific claudin-18 leads to aggravated infection with Cryptococcus deneoformans through dysregulation of the microenvironment in lungs.Scientific reports · 2021Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Lung-lining fluid (LLF) is a primary constituent of the pulmonary host defense system. It is distributed continuously throughout the respiratory tract but is heterogeneous regarding its chemistry and physiology between the conducting airways and alveoli. The conducting airways are lined with airway surface liquid (ASL), a mucus gel-aqueous sol complex that interacts functionally with epithelial cilia as the mucociliary escalator. The alveoli are lined with alveolar subphase fluid (AVSF) and pulmonary surfactant. AVSF sterility is maintained in part by the phagocytic activity of resident alveolar macrophages. Normal ASL and AVSF are both more acidic than blood plasma. However, the details of acid-base regulation differ between the two media. Appreciable transepithelial acid-base flux is possible across the airway epithelium, whereas the alveolar epithelium is relatively impermeable to transepithelial acid-base flux. Moreover, one must consider the influence of resident macrophages on AVSF pH. Resident macrophages occupy a sizable fraction of AVSF by volume and are a substantial source of metabolic H+. The buffering capacities of ASL and AVSF probably are largely due to secreted peptides (e.g., ASL mucins and AVSF surfactant proteins). Acid-base exchange between the extracellular hydrophase and intracellular buffering systems of resident macrophages represents an additional buffer pool for AVSF. The pH of ASL and AVSF can be depressed by disease or inflammation. Low pH is predicted to suppress microbe clearance from the airways and alveoli, increase pathogen survival in both regions, and alter mediator release by resident macrophages and recruited leukocytes thereby increasing the propensity for bystander cell injury. Overall, ASL/AVSF pH is expected to be a major determinant of lung host defense responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.