ArticlePLoS biology2005
Lineage-specific expansions of retroviral insertions within the genomes of African great apes but not humans and orangutans.
Article in PLoS biology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gammaretrovirus Infections in Humans in the Past, Present, and Future: Have We Defeated the Pathogen?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Retroviral insertions contributed to the divergence of human and chimpanzee brains.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Mutation Rate Variation and Other Challenges in 2-LTR Dating of Primate Endogenous Retrovirus Integrations.Journal of molecular evolution · 2025Review
- Riboflavin transporter: evidence of a role as entry receptor for chimpanzee endogenous retrovirus.Virus evolution · 2025Article
- CEGA: a method for inferring natural selection by comparative population genomic analysis across species.Genome biology · 2023Article
- Comparative physiological anthropogeny: exploring molecular underpinnings of distinctly human phenotypes.Physiological reviews · 2023Review
- Revisiting theBiology · 2022Article
- Retrotransposons as Drivers of Mammalian Brain Evolution.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- An evolutionary driver of interspersed segmental duplications in primates.Genome biology · 2020Article
- Identification of Structural Variation in Chimpanzees Using Optical Mapping and Nanopore Sequencing.Genes · 2020Article
- THE EXPOSOME IN HUMAN EVOLUTION: FROM DUST TO DIESEL.The Quarterly review of biology · 2019Article
- Distribution, Diversity, and Evolution of Endogenous Retroviruses in Perissodactyl Genomes.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- High-resolution comparative analysis of great ape genomes.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2018Article
- Silencing of transposable elements may not be a major driver of regulatory evolution in primate iPSCs.eLife · 2018Article
- Review
- Antagonistic Coevolution of MER Tyrosine Kinase Expression and Function.Molecular biology and evolution · 2017Article
- Transposable Element Targeting by piRNAs in Laurasiatherians with Distinct Transposable Element Histories.Genome biology and evolution · 2016Article
- Long-read sequence assembly of the gorilla genome.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2016Article
- Roles for retrotransposon insertions in human disease.Mobile DNA · 2016Review
- The Influence of LINE-1 and SINE Retrotransposons on Mammalian Genomes.Microbiology spectrum · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Retroviral infections of the germline have the potential to episodically alter gene function and genome structure during the course of evolution. Horizontal transmissions between species have been proposed, but little evidence exists for such events in the human/great ape lineage of evolution. Based on analysis of finished BAC chimpanzee genome sequence, we characterize a retroviral element (Pan troglodytes endogenous retrovirus 1 [PTERV1]) that has become integrated in the germline of African great ape and Old World monkey species but is absent from humans and Asian ape genomes. We unambiguously map 287 retroviral integration sites and determine that approximately 95.8% of the insertions occur at non-orthologous regions between closely related species. Phylogenetic analysis of the endogenous retrovirus reveals that the gorilla and chimpanzee elements share a monophyletic origin with a subset of the Old World monkey retroviral elements, but that the average sequence divergence exceeds neutral expectation for a strictly nuclear inherited DNA molecule. Within the chimpanzee, there is a significant integration bias against genes, with only 14 of these insertions mapping within intronic regions. Six out of ten of these genes, for which there are expression data, show significant differences in transcript expression between human and chimpanzee. Our data are consistent with a retroviral infection that bombarded the genomes of chimpanzees and gorillas independently and concurrently, 3-4 million years ago. We speculate on the potential impact of such recent events on the evolution of humans and great apes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.