Expression of a constitutively active mutant of M-Ras in normal bone marrow is sufficient for induction of a malignant mastocytosis/mast cell leukemia, distinct from the histiocytosis/monocytic leukemia induced by expression of activated H-Ras.

Expression of constitutively activated M-Ras in normal murine bone-marrow cells was sufficient to induce the factor-independent, in vitro growth and differentiation of colonies of macrophages and neutrophils, and the generation of immortal lines of factor-independent mast cells, and, upon in vivo injection of the transduced cells, a fatal mastocytosis/mast-cell leukemia. In contrast, expression of constitutively activated H-Ras in bone-marrow cells resulted in the in vitro growth, in the absence of exogenous factors, of colonies that contained only macrophages and of lines of cells resembling dendritic cells, and, upon in vivo injection of the transduced cells, a fatal histiocytosis/monocytic leukemia. Macrophages generated by bone-marrow cells expressing activated M-Ras or activated H-Ras differed morphologically, the latter appearing more activated, a difference abrogated by an inhibitor of Erk activation. Inhibition of either Erk or PI3 kinase blocked the capacity of both activated M-Ras and activated H-Ras to support proliferation and viability. However, inhibition of p38 MAPK activity suppressed proliferation of bone-marrow cells expressing activated H-Ras, but enhanced that of bone-marrow cells expressing activated M-Ras. Thus, expression of either activated M-Ras or H-Ras in normal hematopoietic cells was sufficient for transformation but each resulted in the generation of distinct lineages of cells.