ReviewJournal of anatomy2005
Palisade endings in extraocular eye muscles revealed by SNAP-25 immunoreactivity.
Review in Journal of anatomy, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Motor Skill Deficits and Associated Factors in Childhood Intermittent Exotropia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Proprioceptors in extraocular muscles.Experimental physiology · 2024Review
- Does Surgical Resection of Horizontal Extraocular Muscles Disrupt Ocular Proprioceptors?Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Is the central mesencephalic reticular formation a purely horizontal gaze center?Brain structure & function · 2022Article
- Palisade Endings Have an Exocytotic Machinery But Lack Acetylcholine Receptors and Distinct Acetylcholinesterase Activity.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- A central mesencephalic reticular formation projection to medial rectus motoneurons supplying singly and multiply innervated extraocular muscle fibers.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2017Article
- Examination of feline extraocular motoneuron pools as a function of muscle fiber innervation type and muscle layer.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2017Article
- Palisade Endings Are a Constant Feature in the Extraocular Muscles of Frontal-Eyed, But Not Lateral-Eyed, Animals.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2016Article
- How does the structure of extraocular muscles and their nerves affect their function?Eye (London, England) · 2015Review
- Eye proprioception may provide real time eye position information.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2013Review
- Does orbital proprioception contribute to gaze stability during translation?Experimental brain research · 2011Article
- Is there any sense in the Palisade endings of eye muscles?Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2011Article
- Do palisade endings in extraocular muscles arise from neurons in the motor nuclei?Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2011Article
- Evidence that the extraocular motor nuclei innervate monkey palisade endings.Neuroscience letters · 2011Article
- Revealing the kinematics of the oculomotor plant with tertiary eye positions and ocular counterroll.Journal of neurophysiology · 2011Article
- Ultrastructural and molecular biologic comparison of classic proprioceptors and palisade endings in sheep extraocular muscles.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2009Article
- Palisade endings are present in canine extraocular muscles and have a cholinergic phenotype.Neuroscience letters · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Palisade endings form a cuff of nerve terminals around the tip of muscle fibres. They are found only in extraocular muscles, but no definite evidence for their role in eye movements has been established. Palisade endings have been reported in all species so far investigated except the rat. In this study we demonstrate that antibodies against SNAP-25, the synaptosomal associated protein of 25 kDa, reliably visualize the complete motor, sensory and autonomic innervation of the extraocular muscles in human, monkey and rat. The SNAP-25 antibody can be combined with other immunofluorescence procedures, and is used here to study properties of palisade endings. With SNAP-25 immunolabelling putative palisade endings are identified in the rat for the first time. They are not well branched, but fulfil several criteria of palisade endings, being associated with non-twitch fibres as shown by double labelling with 'myosin heavy chain slow-twitch' antibodies. The putative palisade endings of the rat lack alpha-bungarotoxin binding, which implies that these synapses are sensory. If palisade endings are sensory then they could function as an eye muscle proprioceptor. They seem to be a general feature of all vertebrate eye muscles, unlike the other two extraocular proprioceptors, muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs, the presence of which varies widely between species.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.