ReviewJournal of anatomy2005
The role of eye-associated lymphoid tissue in corneal immune protection.
Review in Journal of anatomy, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 207 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Ophthalmological Manifestations in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Neural modulation of ocular immunity: Exploring a sympathetic-macrophage neuroimmune link in the human ciliary body.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Histological Diversity of Eyelids and the Nictitating Membrane in Six Woodpecker Species (Picidae).Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- The Clinical Accuracy of Diagnosing Chronic Conjunctival Lesions and the Importance of Limbal Involvement in Suspecting Malignancy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Descriptive comparative morphology of the eye and ocular adnexa in Felidae: observations from a clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), African lion (Panthera leo), and Pallas's cat (Otocolobus manul).BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Immune cell dynamics and cytokine regulation in cornea and transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Bovine ocular microbiome: the next frontier in managing Pinkeye in cattle.Animal microbiome · 2025Article
- Article
- IL-23 Promotes γδT Cell Activity in Dry Eye Disease Progression.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND): Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of Nonrodent Ocular Tissues.Toxicologic pathology · 2024Review
- Allergic Conjunctivitis: Review of Current Types, Treatments, and Trends.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Ocular mucosal homeostasis of teleost fish provides insight into the coevolution between microbiome and mucosal immunity.Microbiome · 2024Article
- Living with your biome: how the bacterial microbiome impacts ocular surface health and disease.Expert review of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Molecular nature of ocular surface barrier function, diseases that affect it, and its relevance for ocular drug delivery.The ocular surface · 2023Review
- Taurine, a Component of the Tear Film, Exacerbates the Pathogenic Mechanisms ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Obstruction of the Tear Drainage Altered Lacrimal Gland Structure and Function.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Anatomical, Histological and Histochemical Observations of the Eyelids and Orbital Glands in the Lowland Tapir (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- T-Cell Repertoire Analysis in the Conjunctiva of Murine Dry Eye Model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Conjunctiva Resident γδ T Cells Expressed High Level of IL-17A and Promoted the Severity of Dry Eye.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Because the cornea is optimized for refraction, it relies on supporting tissues for moistening and nutrition and in particular for immune protection. Its main support tissue is the conjunctiva, in addition to the lacrimal gland, the latter which provides soluble mediators via the tear film. The cornea and conjunctiva constitute a moist mucosal surface and there is increasing evidence that apart from innate defence mechanisms, also lymphoid cells contribute to the normal homeostasis of the corneal surface. A Medline-based literature search was performed in order to review the existing literature on the existence, composition and functions of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) at the ocular surface for corneal protection. The existence of lymphoid cells at the ocular surface and appendage has been known for many years, but for a long time they were believed erroneously to be inflammatory cells. More recent research has shown that in addition to the known presence of lymphoid cells in the lacrimal gland, they also form MALT in the conjunctiva as conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) and in the lacrimal drainage system as lacrimal drainage-associated lymphoid tissue (LDALT). Together this constitutes an eye-associated lymphoid tissue (EALT), which is a new component of the mucosal immune system of the body. When the topographical distribution of CALT is projected onto the ocular surface, it overlies the cornea during eye closure and is hence in a suitable position to assist the corneal immune protection during blinking and overnight. It can detect corneal antigens and prime respective effector cells, or distribute protective factors as secretory IgA.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.