ReviewDrug safety2005
Extrapyramidal symptoms with atypical antipsychotics : incidence, prevention and management.
Review in Drug safety, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 217 citations in OpenAlex.
- Atypical antipsychotics for autism spectrum disorder: a network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Benzodiazepines for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Clinical pharmacology study of cariprazine (MP-214) in patients with schizophrenia (12-week treatment).Drug design, development and therapy · 2016Trial
- Onset of efficacy and tolerability following the initiation dosing of long-acting paliperidone palmitate: post-hoc analyses of a randomized, double-blind clinical trial.BMC psychiatry · 2011Trial
- Efficacy and safety of bifeprunox in patients with an acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, dose-finding study.Psychopharmacology · 2008Trial
- Bilateral acquired chorea: a unique presentation of diabetic ketoacidosis.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Dopamine modulation of aggression.Psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Neurological Adverse Effects of Antipsychotic Medication in Children and Young People.Paediatric drugs · 2026Review
- Article
- Frequency of anticholinergic drug use in patients treated with aripiprazole once-monthly: a 2-year cohort study using European healthcare databases.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Early Detection of Adverse Drug Events via 24-h Telephone Services in a Community Pharmacy: A Case Report.Case reports in psychiatry · 2025Article
- An Investigation of the Sodium Nitroprusside Effects on Serum Lipids in an Animal Model of Schizophrenia by the Magnetic Resonance Study.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Exploring the Relationships Between Antipsychotic Dosage and Voice Characteristics in Relation to Extrapyramidal Symptoms.Psychiatry investigation · 2024Article
- Impact of tardive dyskinesia on patients and caregivers: a survey of caregivers in the United States.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2023Article
- Extrapyramidal adverse events and anticholinergics use after the long-term treatment of patients with schizophrenia with the new long-acting antipsychotic Risperidone ISMAnnals of general psychiatry · 2023Article
- Spatiotemporal Alterations in Working Memory-Related Beta Band Neuromagnetic Activity of Patients With Schizophrenia On and Off Antipsychotic Medication: Investigation With MEG.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Article
- Place of care and costs associated with acute episodes and remission in schizophrenia.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2023Article
- Ultrasensitive SERS substrate for label-free therapeutic drug monitoring of chlorpromazine hydrochloride and aminophylline in human serum.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2023Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The treatment of schizophrenia changed drastically with the discovery of antipsychotic medications in the 1950s, the release of clozapine in the US in 1989 and the subsequent development of the atypical or novel antipsychotics. These newer medications differ from their conventional counterparts, primarily based on their reduced risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). EPS can be categorised as acute (dystonia, akathisia and parkinsonism) and tardive (tardive dyskinesia and tardive dystonia) syndromes. They are thought to have a significant impact on subjective tolerability and adherence with antipsychotic therapy in addition to impacting function. Unlike conventional antipsychotic medications, atypical antipsychotics have a significantly diminished risk of inducing acute EPS at recommended dose ranges. These drugs may also have a reduced risk of causing tardive dyskinesia and in some cases may have the ability to suppress pre-existing tardive dyskinesia. This paper reviews the available evidence regarding the incidence of acute EPS and tardive syndromes with atypical antipsychotic therapy. Estimates of incidence are subject to several confounds, including differing methods for detection and diagnosis of EPS, pretreatment effects and issues surrounding the administration of antipsychotic medications. The treatment of acute EPS and tardive dyskinesia now includes atypical antipsychotic therapy itself, although other adjunctive strategies such as antioxidants have also shown promise in preliminary trials. The use of atypical antipsychotics as first line therapy for the treatment of schizophrenia is based largely on their reduced risk of EPS compared with conventional antipsychotics. Nevertheless, EPS with these drugs can occur, particularly when prescribed at high doses. The EPS advantages offered by the atypical antipsychotics must be balanced against other important adverse effects, such as weight gain and diabetes mellitus, now known to be associated with these drugs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.