Trial reportJournal of virology2005
Selection of resistance in protease inhibitor-experienced, human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected subjects failing lopinavir- and ritonavir-based therapy: mutation patterns and baseline correlates.
Trial report in Journal of virology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictive genotypic algorithm for virologic response to lopinavir-ritonavir in protease inhibitor-experienced patients.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2007Trial
- Resistance to protease inhibitors among persons living with HIV in Ghana: a case for viral load and drug resistance monitoring.Virology journal · 2024Article
- HIV Drug Resistance Mutations and Subtype Profiles among Pregnant Women of Ho Chi Minh City, South Vietnam.Viruses · 2023Article
- 2022 update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1.Topics in antiviral medicine · 2022Article
- Antiretroviral Refill Histories as a Predictor of Future Human Immunodeficiency Virus Viremia.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Perspectives on the Barrier to Resistance for Dolutegravir + Lamivudine, a Two-Drug Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-1 Infection.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2020Review
- Article
- 2019 update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1.Topics in antiviral medicine · 2019Article
- HIV-1 second-line failure and drug resistance at high-level and low-level viremia in Western Kenya.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Article
- Discordant CSF/plasma HIV-1 RNA in individuals on virologically suppressive antiretroviral therapy in Western India.Medicine · 2018Article
- Temporal Patterns and Drug Resistance in CSF Viral Escape Among ART-Experienced HIV-1 Infected Adults.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- Model-Based Analysis of Unbound Lopinavir Pharmacokinetics in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Supports Standard Dosing in the Third Trimester.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2016Article
- Highly resistant HIV-1 proteases and strategies for their inhibition.Future medicinal chemistry · 2015Review
- Association of first-line and second-line antiretroviral therapy adherence.Open forum infectious diseases · 2014Article
- Crystallographic study of multi-drug resistant HIV-1 protease lopinavir complex: mechanism of drug recognition and resistance.Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 2013Article
- Article
- Article
- 2011 update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1.Topics in antiviral medicine · 2011Review
- Low lopinavir plasma or hair concentrations explain second-line protease inhibitor failures in a resource-limited setting.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2011Article
- Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-2 Infection: Recommendations for Management in Low-Resource Settings.AIDS research and treatment · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The selection of in vivo resistance to lopinavir was characterized by analyzing the longitudinal isolates from 54 protease inhibitor-experienced subjects who either experienced incomplete virologic response or viral rebound subsequent to initial response while on treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir in Phase II and III studies. The evolution of incremental resistance to lopinavir (emergence of new mutation[s] and/or at least a twofold increase in phenotypic resistance compared to baseline isolates) was highly dependent on the baseline phenotype and genotype. Among the subjects demonstrating evolution of lopinavir resistance, mutations at positions 82, 54, and 46 in human immunodeficiency virus protease emerged frequently, suggesting that these mutations are important for conferring high-level resistance. Less common mutations, such as L33F, I50V, and V32I together with I47V/A, were also selected; however, new mutations at positions 84, 90, and 71 were not observed. The emergence of incremental resistance contrasts greatly with the low incidence of resistance observed after initiating lopinavir-ritonavir therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients, suggesting that partial resistance accumulated during prior protease inhibitor therapy can compromise the genetic barrier to resistance to lopinavir-ritonavir. The emergence of incremental resistance was uncommon in subjects whose baseline isolates contained eight or more mutations associated with lopinavir resistance and/or displayed >60-fold-reduced susceptibility to lopinavir, providing insight into suitable upper genotypic and phenotypic breakpoints for lopinavir-ritonavir.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.