Trial reportProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2005
Immunogenicity in humans of an edible vaccine for hepatitis B.
Trial report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 283 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hepatitis B immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis B or with unknown exposure status.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2008Pooled it
- Plant Biofactories for Vaccination: Progress in Edible Vaccine Technologies as a Sustainable Approach to Global Immunization.Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Beyond Starch: Towards a Scalable Potato Platform for Molecular Farming.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- Advancing Global Hepatitis B Elimination: The Case for Using Maize as a Low-Cost, Heat-Stable, and Scalable Oral Vaccine.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Review
- Progress and challenge of hepatitis B virus mucosal vaccines.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Edible Vaccines: A Paradigm Shift in Vaccine Delivery and Global Health Solutions.Current drug discovery technologies · 2026Review
- Biofortification of potato nutrition.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- Exploring recent progress of molecular farming for therapeutic and recombinant molecules in plant systems.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Green Biologics: Harnessing the Power of Plants to Produce Pharmaceuticals.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Biotechnologically Engineered Plants.Biology · 2023Review
- Plant-made pharmaceuticals: exploring studies for the production of recombinant protein in plants and assessing challenges ahead.Plant biotechnology reports · 2023Review
- Energy-efficient production of vaccine protein against porcine edema disease from transgenic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.).Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Plant-Derived Human Vaccines: Recent Developments.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2022Review
- Emerging trends of edible vaccine therapy for combating human diseases especially COVID-19: Pros, cons, and future challenges.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2022Review
- Article
- Compendium on Food Crop Plants as a Platform for Pharmaceutical Protein Production.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Isolation, cloning and transgenic expression of hepatitis B surface antigen (Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2022Article
- Plant-Derived Recombinant Vaccines against Zoonotic Viruses.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the immunogenicity of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) expressed in potatoes and delivered orally to previously vaccinated individuals. The potatoes accumulated HBsAg at approximately 8.5 microg/g of potato tuber, and doses of 100 g of tuber were administered by ingestion. The correlate of protection for hepatitis B virus, a nonenteric pathogen, is blood serum antibody titers against HBsAg. After volunteers ate uncooked potatoes, serum anti-HBsAg titers increased in 10 of 16 volunteers (62.5%) who ate three doses of potatoes; in 9 of 17 volunteers (52.9%) who ate two doses of transgenic potatoes; and in none of the volunteers who ate nontransgenic potatoes. These results were achieved without the coadministration of a mucosal adjuvant or the need for buffering stomach pH. We conclude that a plant-derived orally delivered vaccine for prevention of hepatitis B virus should be considered as a viable component of a global immunization program.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.