ReviewNeuroRx : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics2005
Localization of brain endothelial luminal and abluminal transporters with immunogold electron microscopy.
Review in NeuroRx : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibody-Based Biologics for CNS Disorders.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Effects of Maternal Obesity on Fetal Cerebral Glucose Transporter Expression.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cerebral capillary computation.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Review
- Measuring blood-brain barrier dysfunction: a critical appraisal of fluid biomarkers, in vitro models, in vivo imaging, and post-mortem approaches.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Article
- Across Barriers: Blood-Brain and Gut Barrier Signaling in Psychiatric Disorders.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- Luminal Cerebrovascular Proteomics.Bio-protocol · 2025Article
- Brain insulin resistance mediated cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration: Type-3 diabetes or Alzheimer's Disease.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2025Review
- Astrocytes of the hippocampus and responses to periprandial neuroendocrine hormones.Physiology & behavior · 2025Review
- Breaking boundaries: role of the brain barriers in metastatic process.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Review
- Circadian influences on central nervous system barriers and the glymphatic system.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- From BBB to PPP: Bioenergetic requirements and challenges for oligodendrocytes in health and disease.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- Blood-brain barrier alterations and their impact on Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and therapy.Translational neurodegeneration · 2024Review
- The proteome of the blood-brain barrier in rat and mouse: highly specific identification of proteins on the luminal surface of brain microvessels by in vivo glycocapture.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Article
- Pericyte Control of Gene Expression in the Blood-Brain Barrier Endothelium: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- Glucose Transport and Utilization in the Hippocampus: From Neurophysiology to Diabetes-Related Development of Dementia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Effects of Diabetes Mellitus-Related Dysglycemia on the Functions of Blood-Brain Barrier and the Risk of Dementia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- In vivo methods for imaging blood-brain barrier function and dysfunction.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2023Review
- Protein Expression of Amino Acid Transporters Is Altered in Isolated Cerebral Microvessels of 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immunogold electron microscopy has identified a variety of blood-brain barrier (BBB) proteins with transporter and regulatory functions. For example, isoforms of the glucose transporter, protein kinase C (PKC), and caveolin-1 are BBB specific. Isoform 1 of the facilitative glucose transporter family (GLUT1) is expressed solely in endothelial (and pericyte) domains, and approximately 75% of the protein is membrane-localized in humans. Evidence is presented for a water cotransport function of BBB GLUT1. A shift in transporter polarity characterized by increased luminal membrane GLUT1 is seen when BBB glucose transport is upregulated; but a greater abluminal membrane density is seen in the human BBB when GLUT1 is downregulated. PKC colocalizes with GLUT1 within these endothelial domains during up- and downregulation, suggesting that a PKC-mediated mechanism regulates human BBB glucose transporter expression. Occludin and claudin-5 (like other tight-junctional proteins) exhibit a restricted distribution, and are expressed solely within interendothelial clefts of the BBB. GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) is uniformly expressed throughout the foot-processes and the entire astrocyte. But the microvascular-facing membranes of the glial processes that contact the basal laminae are also polarized, and their transporters may also redistribute within the astrocyte. Monocarboxylic acid transporter and water channel (Aquaporin-4) expression are enriched at the glial foot-process, and both undergo physiological modulation. We suggest that as transcytosis and efflux mechanisms generate interest as potential neurotherapeutic targets, electron microscopic confirmation of their site-specific expression patterns will continue to support the CNS drug discovery process.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.