ArticleJournal of virology2005
Immune tolerance split between hepatitis B virus precore and core proteins.
Article in Journal of virology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 204 citations in OpenAlex.
- Altered Immune Profiles of Natural Killer Cells in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Vaccines targeting preS1 domain overcome immune tolerance in hepatitis B virus carrier mice.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2017Trial
- The HBV basal core promoter mutation confers a replicative advantage and transcriptionally reprograms hepatocytes toward HCC subtypes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- New Insights into the Role of NF-κB in Hepatitis B Virus Infection.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Analytical performance evaluation of MAGLUMI HBeAg and anti-HBe chemiluminescence immunoassays and comparison with the Abbott assays.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Disease Progression Mathematical Modeling With a Case Study on Hepatitis B Virus Infection.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2025Review
- Viral Hepatitis: Host Immune Interaction, Pathogenesis and New Therapeutic Strategies.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus-An Update.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- HBV Infection and Host Interactions: The Role in Viral Persistence and Oncogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Liver immunity, autoimmunity, and inborn errors of immunity.World journal of hepatology · 2023Review
- Pathogenicity and virulence of Hepatitis B virus.Virulence · 2022Review
- Review
- Constrained evolution of overlapping genes in viral host adaptation: Acquisition of glycosylation motifs in hepadnaviral precore/core genes.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Review
- Biogenesis of hepatitis B virus e antigen is driven by translocon-associated protein complex and regulated by conserved cysteine residues within its signal peptide sequence.The FEBS journal · 2022Article
- Molecular pathogenesis: Connections between viral hepatitis-induced and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-induced hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Immunobiology and pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2022Review
- HBeAg Is Indispensable for Inducing Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell Activation by Hepatitis B Virus.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The function of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) precore or HBeAg is largely unknown because it is not required for viral assembly, infection, or replication. However, the HBeAg does appear to play a role in viral persistence. It has been suggested that the HBeAg may promote HBV chronicity by functioning as an immunoregulatory protein. As a model of chronic HBeAg exposure and to examine the tolerogenic potential of the HBV precore and core (HBcAg) proteins, HBc/HBeAg-transgenic (Tg) mice crossed with T cell receptor (TCR)-Tg mice expressing receptors for the HBc/HBeAgs (i.e., TCR-antigen double-Tg pairs) were produced. This study revealed three phenotypes of HBe/HBcAg-specific T-cell tolerance: (i) profound T-cell tolerance most likely mediated by clonal deletion, (ii) T-cell clonal ignorance, and (iii) nondeletional T-cell tolerance mediated by clonal anergy and dependent on the structure, location, and concentration of the tolerogen. The secreted HBeAg is significantly more efficient than the intracellular HBcAg at eliciting T-cell tolerance. The split T-cell tolerance between the HBeAg and the HBcAg and the clonal heterogeneity of HBc/HBeAg-specific T-cell tolerance may have significant implications for natural HBV infection and especially for precore-negative chronic hepatitis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.